Evidence of substantial growth in unionization among university noninstructional staff over the past 20 years (Hurd and Woodhead, 1987) and the emergence of a quality movement in higher education linking employee attitudes toward the work environment with increased productivity point to the need for additional research into union and nonunion staff perceptions of the work environment. This paper describes a conceptually oriented, exploratory study of the university work environment as perceived and defined by union and nonunion noninstructional staff. Public-sector union participation expanded rapidly between 1960 and 1976 (Edwards, 1989), but was followed by 20 years of little growth. In 1994, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (U.S. Department of Labor, 1994) estimated that approximately 16.7 million wage and salary employees, 15.5% of total U.S. employment, were union members. Of this total, 7.1 million worked in federal, state, and local government, where they constituted 38.7% of employment. In addition, another 1 million public-sector workers were represented at their workplace by a union, though these workers are not union members themselves. While blue-collar employees in higher education have been organized for decades (Becker, 1990), in recent years union activity has spread to other groups of workers including clerical and technical employees. In 1983, clerical and technical employees at Yale University, Adelphi University, and the University of Cincinnati, as well as clerical workers in universities throughout Iowa