Working efficiency of cutting tools with multilayer nano-structured Ti-TiCN-(Ti,Al)CN and Ti-TiCN-(Ti,Al,Cr)CN coatings: Analysis of cutting properties, wear mechanism and diffusion processes

Abstract

The study investigated the performance properties of a carbide tool with multilayer composite nano-structured Ti-TiCN-TiAlCN and Ti-TiCN-TiAlCrCN coatings, obtained by filtered cathodic vacuum-arc deposition (FCVAD). The study considered the structure of these coatings and their basic mechanical properties (hardness, strength of adhesion bond to substrate, and elemental composition). The study included cutting tests of carbide tools with those coatings in comparison with uncoated tools and tools with reference Ti-TiN coating. The tests were carried out during the turning of steel C45 at various cutting speeds (300, 350, and 400 m/min). The study included research of the kinematics of tool wear and the nature of cracking in the structure of coatings. Diffusion processes in the system of tool substrate-coating material during machining were also studied. Highlights-Study of the properties and structure of Ti-TiCN-TiAlCN and Ti-TiCN-TiAlCrCN.-Cutting tests of tools with the coatings under study at different cutting speeds.-Mechanisms of wear and cracking in coatings.-Diffusion processes in coated tools during cutting of metal.

Influence of the Thickness of Multilayer Composite Nano-Structured Coating Ti–TiN–(Ti,Al,Si)N on the Tool Life of Metal-Cutting Tools and the Nature of Wear

“…To deposit the coatings, a VIT-2 unit was used (developed by IKTI RAN -MSTU STANKIN). One of the specific features of the VIT-2 unit is the use of arc evaporator with filtration of vapor-ion flow (FCVAD) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], which makes it possible to obtain coatings with clearly defined boundaries of nanolayers. Coatings with three-layer architecture proved in [18][19][20] were deposited, and the Hume-Rothery rules [39] were followed to select the proportion of elements in the coating composition.…”

“…A sample with the thicker coating (8 μm) showed a longer tool life in nano-impact tests and the longest tool life in milling. The effect of the thicknesses of nano-structured coatings of different compositions on their wear resistance was also considered [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] (Ti-TiN-(TiCrAl)N and ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N [13,14], Zr-(Zr,Cr)N-CrN and Ti-TiN- Accordingly, with the increase in the thickness of a single layer of coating, its superficial hardness is reduced [1]. It can also be assumed that thin coatings have a higher mechanical strength than thicker coatings.…”

“…A sample with the thicker coating (8 µm) showed a longer tool life in nano-impact tests and the longest tool life in milling. The effect of the thicknesses of nano-structured coatings of different compositions on their wear resistance was also considered [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] (Ti-TiN-(TiCrAl)N and ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N [13,14], Zr-(Zr,Cr)N-CrN and Ti-TiN-(Ti,Cr,Al)N [15], Ti-TiCN-(Ti,Al)CN and Ti-TiCN-(Ti,Al,Cr)CN [16], Ti-TiN-(TiCrAl)N and Ti-TiN-(Ti,Al,Si)N [17], and (Ti,Al)N-(Zr,Nb)N-CrN [18][19][20]). It was also found that layered nano-structured coatings could have significant advantages compared to single-layer and monolithic coatings.…”

The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review

“…The enhancement of all necessary properties is still a challenge for modern materials science and a strong driving force for computational screening modelling efforts worldwide (see Section 4). [94][95][96][97][98]. The results strongly depend on operational conditions, such as the cutting method and speed, the workpiece material, and the thickness of the protective coating.…”

“…Comparison of enhancement factors of coated tools over uncoated tools (based on their lifetime). Analysed data are taken from selected published works[95][96][97][98][99]. The results strongly depend on operational conditions, such as the cutting method and speed, the workpiece material, and the thickness of the protective coating.…”