Working Fluids for High Temperature, Rankine Cycle, Space Power Plants

Cochran, David L.

doi:10.4271/610065

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…About 50% of Kazakhstan's territory has average wind speeds about 4-5 m/sec at a height of 30m, resulting in a wind potential of Kazakhstan around 1,820 billion KW/h per year spread over most of the country (Kazakhstan Electricity Association 2008). The potential for electricity created from wind energy exceeds Kazakhstan's current energy consumption tenfold (Nabiyeva 2014), and there is a possibility to install thousands MW of wind farms in Kazakhstan (Cochran 2008;Renewable Market Watch 2014). European and Chinese investors are currently actively targeted by programs of the government of Kazakhstan (Nabieyva 2014).…”

Section: Habitat Loss Disturbance and Increased Mortality Of Wildlife...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Habitat loss by large-scale photovoltaic power stations: Although solar parks cover already millions of hectares worldwide, few studies on their biodiversity impacts are available. A great potential is seen for solar energy in Kazakhstan, as it receives 2,200-3,000 hours of annual sunshine and an insolation (direct radiation from the sun) of 1,300-1,800 kWh/m 2 *yr (Cochran 2008). The first solar farms have been opened in Kazakhstan, and investment in solar farms is actively promoted (The Astana Times 2015).…”

Section: Habitat Loss Disturbance and Increased Mortality Of Wildlife...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts

Kamp

Koshkin

Bragina³

et al. 2016

Biodivers Conserv

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Temperate grasslands have suffered disproportionally from conversion to cropland, degradation and fragmentation. A large proportion of the world's remaining near-natural grassland is situated in Kazakhstan. We aimed to assess current and emerging threats to steppe and semi-desert biodiversity in Kazakhstan and evaluate conservation research priorities. We conducted a horizon-scanning exercise among conservationists from academia and practice. We first compiled a list of 45 potential threats.These were then ranked by the survey participants according to their perceived severity, the need for research on them, and their novelty.The highest-ranked threats were related to changes in land use (leading to habitat loss and deterioration), direct persecution of wildlife, and rapid infrastructure development due to economic and population growth. Research needs were identified largely in the same areas, and the mean scores of threat severity and research need were highly correlated. Novel threats comprised habitat loss by photovoltaic and wind power stations, climate change and changes in agriculture such as the introduction of biofuels. However, novelty was not correlated with threat severity or research priority, suggesting that the most severe threats are the established ones.Important goals towards more effective steppe and semi-desert conservation in Kazakhstan include more cross-sector collaboration (e.g. by involving stakeholders in conservation and agriculture), greater allocation of funds to under-staffed areas (e.g. protected area management), better representativeness and complementarity in the protected area system and enhanced data collection for wildlife monitoring and threat assessments (including the use of citizen-science databases).

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Section: Habitat Loss Disturbance and Increased Mortality Of Wildlife...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habitat Loss Disturbance and Increased Mortality Of Wildlife...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts

Kamp

Koshkin

Bragina³

et al. 2016

Biodivers Conserv

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“…The electric drive mode, on the other hand, uses only the electric motor to provide vehicle motion while the engine is disengaged. In hybrid mode, the vehicle is driven by both the ICE and the electric motor, while in the power split mode the engine is not only providing motion, but also charging the battery pack [15][16][17][18][19]. Finally, the braking mode includes the regenerative brake, the energy of which is stored in the battery for further use.…”

Section: Operational Modes Of Hybrid Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance with Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System

Andwari

Pesiridis

Karvountzis-Kontakiotis

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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This study examines the implementation of a waste heat recovery system on an electric hybrid vehicle. The selected waste heat recovery method operates on organic Rankine cycle principles to target the overall fuel consumption improvement of the internal combustion engine element of a hybrid powertrain. This study examines the operational principle of hybrid electric vehicles, in which the internal combustion engines operates with an electric powertrain layout (electric motors/generators and batteries) as an integral part of the powertrain architecture. A critical evaluation of the performance of the integrated powertrain is presented in this paper whereby vehicle performance is presented through three different driving cycle tests, offering a clear assessment of how this advanced powertrain configuration would benefit under several different, but relevant, driving scenarios. The driving cycles tested highlighted areas where the driver could exploit the full potential of the hybrid powertrain operational modes in order to further reduce fuel consumption.

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“…The implementation of a heat exchanger in the exhaust manifold increases backpressure, but compared to the turbocompounding technology this increment is approximately one order of magnitude lower [38]. Although both turbocompounding and ORC WHR systems have been investigated in many studies in the past, literature comparing these two technologies is limited [8,9,13,17,18,21,32,34,[36][37][38].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Turbocompounding and ORC Waste Heat Recovery Systems on the Performance of a Turbocharged Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study the influence of utilization of two Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) strategies, namely organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and turbocompounding, have been investigated based on the performance of a heavy-duty diesel engine using 1-D simulation engine code (GT-Power) in terms of Brake Specific Fuel Consumptions (BSFC) at various engine speeds and Brake Mean Effective Pressures (BMEP). The model of a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine (Holset HDX55V) was calibrated using an experimental BSFC map to predict engine exhaust thermodynamic conditions such as exhaust mass flow rate and exhaust temperature under various operating conditions. These engine exhaust conditions were then utilized to feed the inlet conditions for both the ORC and turbocompounding models, evaluating the available exhaust energy to be recovered by each technology. Firstly the ORC system model was simulated to obtain the power that can be generated from the system. Having this additional power converted to useful work, the BSFC was observed to reduce around 2-5% depending upon engine's speed and BMEP. The initial model of the engine was then modified by considering a second turbine representing turbocompounding heat recovery system. The BSFC was increased due to the back-pressure from the second turbine, but the energy generated from the turbine was sufficient to reduce the BSFC further. However, by application of turbocompounding no improvement in BSFC was achieved at low engine's speeds. It is concluded that ORC heat recovery system produces a satisfactory results at low engine speeds with both low and high loads whereas at medium and high engine speeds turbocompounding heat recovery system causes higher BSFC reduction.

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Working Fluids for High Temperature, Rankine Cycle, Space Power Plants

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts

Persistent and novel threats to the biodiversity of Kazakhstan’s steppes and semi-deserts

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance with Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Turbocompounding and ORC Waste Heat Recovery Systems on the Performance of a Turbocharged Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

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