Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon

April, Julien; Bardarson, Hlynur; Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida; Bolstad, Geir H.; Breau, Cindy; Buoro, Mathieu; Camara, Karin; Chaput, Gérald; Cooper, Anne; Dauphin, Guillaume; Ensing, Dennis; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Fiske, Peder; Freese, Marko; Gillson, Jonathan; Gregory, Stephen D.; Hanson, Nora; Jepsen, Niels; Kelly, Nicholas I.; Kenyon, W. H.; Maxwell, Hugo; Meerburg, David; Millane, Michael; Nygaard, Rasmus; Ounsley, James; Patin, Rémi; Prusov, Sergey; Raab, Dustin; Rivot, Étienne; Robertson, Martha J.; Sheehan, Timothy F.; Tallman, Ross F.; Walker, Alan; Wennevik, Vidar

doi:10.17895/ices.pub.7923

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The increase in percentage of Atlantic salmon staying longer than 1 year at sea is also apparent on a larger geographic scale. According to the data reported by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) ( 20 ), there was a steep increase in the percentage of such older salmon from 2005 to 2007 in northern Europe ( Fig. 3B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ecological regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean revealed from the unprecedented reduction in marine growth of Atlantic salmon

Vollset

Urdal²,

Utne

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Ecological regime shifts are abrupt changes in the structure and function of ecosystems that persist over time, but evidence of contemporary regime shifts are rare. Historical scale data from 52,384 individual wild Atlantic salmon caught in 180 rivers from 1989 to 2017 reveal that growth of Atlantic salmon across the Northeast Atlantic Ocean abruptly decreased following the year 2004. At the same time, the proportion of early maturing Atlantic salmon decreased. These changes occurred after a marked decrease in the extent of Arctic water in the Norwegian Sea, a subsequent warming of spring water temperature before Atlantic salmon entering the sea, and an approximately 50% reduction of zooplankton across large geographic areas of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. A sudden decrease in growth was also observed among Atlantic mackerel in the Norwegian Sea. Our results point toward an ecosystem-scale regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some countries also inform their estimates by count data and catch-and-release fisheries. Detailed descriptions of the method and population size estimates are provided in ( 20 , 47 ). For the Norwegian data, the threshold of what is considered an MSW fish is body mass ≥3 kg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean revealed from the unprecedented reduction in marine growth of Atlantic salmon

Vollset

Urdal²,

Utne

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…The Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) is a charismatic anadromous salmonid that in Northern Europe undergoes long‐distance migrations during its first year at sea from its natal river to feeding grounds in the North‐East Atlantic (Holm, 2000 ; Jacobsen et al ., 2012 ; Mork et al ., 2012 ; Ounsley et al ., 2019 ). Currently, the Atlantic salmon is of high conservation interest due to diminishing numbers throughout their range (Gilbey et al ., 2021 ; ICES, 2021 ). This decline has ultimately led to the categorization of Atlantic salmon as an Annex II species under the EU Habitats and Species Directive while in their freshwater habitat (Crozier et al ., 2004 ; McLeod et al ., 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolts during their early marine migration through the Clyde Marine Region

Lilly

Honkanen

Bailey

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Biology

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It is thought that survival during migration is particularly poor for Atlantic salmon postsmolts immediately after entry into sea and particularly in the estuarine environment.Nonetheless, there is currently a lack of information on Atlantic salmon post-smolt movement behaviour in estuaries in the UK. This study used acoustic tagging to estimate loss rates and compare the behaviour of Atlantic salmon post-smolts migrating from two distinctly different rivers draining into the Clyde Estuary, the River Endrick (n = 145) and the Gryffe (n = 102). Contrary to most literature, post-smolts undertook rapid migrations through the estuary, potentially decreasing their exposure to predators/anthropogenic stressors and reducing their estimated loss rates (river: 1%-3% km -1 ; estuary: 0.20%-0.60% km -1 ). The low loss rates in the estuary occurred despite post-smolts engaging in passive reversal movements with the tide upon entering the estuary, possibly allowing them more time to adapt to the increased salinity. Atlantic salmon post-smolts from both the rivers used similar migration pathways exiting into the coastal marine zone during ebbing tide. This study provides novel information on the timing and migratory routes of Atlantic salmon post-smolts in the Clyde Estuary that can ultimately be used to inform management decisions on how to assess and reduce the potential impacts of current natural and anthropogenic stressors. Temporal repeatability of this study over multiple years is required to determine if there is variation in the factors driving the migratory patterns and loss rates of smolts in this system.

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“…Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus) is a migratory species of socio-economic importance that has suffered substantial declines over the past 40 years (ICES, 2021) due to multiple abiotic and biotic factors not yet fully understood (Forseth et al, 2017; Dadswell et al, 2022). The Atlantic salmon has a complex life cycle, which includes two long distance migration stages; a long-distance feeding migration from freshwater to sea as a juvenile (smolt) and an adult returning spawning migration from sea to freshwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual genotype but not phenotype predicts river migration success in Atlantic salmon

Moccetti,

Bolland,

Adams

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Migratory species typically undertake demanding long-distance journeys, across different habitat types during which they are exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors. Mortality during migration is typically high, and may be exacerbated by human-induced pressures. Understanding individual responses to these selection pressures is rarely attempted, because of the challenges of relating individual phenotypic and genetic data to migration success. Here we show distinct SNP sets unequivocally separated Atlantic salmon smolts making successful migrations to sea from those that failed to migrate, in two different rivers. In contrast morphological variation was not diagnostic of migration success. Populations from each river were genetically distinct, and while different genes were implicated in migration success in each river, they related to common biological processes (for example osmoregulation and immune response). Given that migration failure should quickly purge polymorphism at selected SNPs from a population, the question of how genetic diversity in these populations is maintained is an important one. Standing genetic variation could be maintained by different life history strategies and/or environmentally driven balancing selection. Our work highlights the importance of preserving genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary resilience at the population level, and has practical implications for management.

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Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean revealed from the unprecedented reduction in marine growth of Atlantic salmon

Ecological regime shift in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean revealed from the unprecedented reduction in marine growth of Atlantic salmon

Investigating the behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) post‐smolts during their early marine migration through the Clyde Marine Region

Individual genotype but not phenotype predicts river migration success in Atlantic salmon

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