Working memory and intraindividual variability as neurocognitive indicators in ADHD: Examining competing model predictions.

Kofler, Michael; Alderson, R. Matt; Raiker, Joseph S.; Bolden, Jennifer; Sarver, Dustin E.; Rapport, Mark D.

doi:10.1037/neu0000050

“…[5][6][7] Neuropsychological tests evaluate attention, memory, perception, intelligence, processing speed, resistance to distraction, as well as verbal skills. 25,31 The present findings showed that the neuropsychological performance of children and adolescents has a direct predictive influence on the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms as assessed by participant caretakers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Quality of Life and Symptom Severity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Lemes

¹

,

Soares

²

,

Hattori

³

et al. 2017

IPMRJ

1

0

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Introduction: ADHD is a major reason for the referral of children and adolescents to health care services due to the multidimensional nature of the impairment experienced by patients with this disorder. As such, the aim of this study was to determine whether neuropsychological and academic performance act as significant predictors of symptom intensity and quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method:The sample consisted of 96 children/adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD, aged between 6 and 16 years (mean=10.23; SD=2.37). Symptom intensity was assessed using the SNAP-IV. The APT was used to evaluate school performance. Neuropsychological assessments were obtained using the WISC-III. Quality of life was determined using the Peds-QL4.0. Results were examined using correlation analysis and general linear models (GLMs).Results: Univariate analyses revealed a significant influence of gender on the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms, as well as physical QOL. Age only influenced the severity of inattention symptoms and the social domain of QOL. The school domain of QOL was predicted by writing, arithmetic, reading and total scores on the APT. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant impact of neuropsychological performance on symptom severity and social quality of life. Academic performance predicted scores on the physical, emotional and social domains of QOL. Discussion:The variables examined in the present study were significant predictors of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, neuropsychology, child development, quality of life, adolescence International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal Research ArticleOpen Access The identification of predictive and causal relationships between factors associated with ADHD allows for a better comprehension of this condition and a deeper, multidimensional understanding of this area of research. In light of these observations, the aim of this study was to verify whether neuropsychological and academic performance act as predictors of QoL and the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. We also sought to investigate the effects of gender and age on QoL and symptom severity in this population. Predictors of quality of life and symptom severity in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Method ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 96 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years, with a diagnosis of ADHD. Patients were evaluated between August 2014 until June 2016 in a university reference hospital. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1. 21 The following parameters were considered: statistical power=0.95, alpha error rate=0,05, effect size F²=0.35(high) and 11 possible predictors (Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, Full Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Organization Index, Freedom from Distractibility Index, Processing Speed Index, Arithmetic Score, Writing Score, Reading Score, Total Achievement Score). The minimum ...

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“…8,13,[32][33][34][35] The behavioral neuroenergetics theory postulates neuronal energy insufficiency as a result of inadequate production of lactate by astrocytes. 32,34 State (vigilance) regulation theories hypothesize that the core deficit in ADHD is impaired regulation of activation state (arousal). 33,36 Some symptoms are attributed to dysfunctional fluctuations in arousal (e.g.…”

Section: Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,35 One variant of this theory specifically implicates inconsistent suppression of default mode network (DMN) activity. 34 Impaired bottom-up (limbic) regulation of reward-related processing has also been proposed. 13,33,35 Multiple pathway theories postulate that individually variable deficits in multiple core functions (e.g.…”

Section: Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,33 Delayed development within the later maturing areas of the brain has been suggested as a causal mechanism in some theories. 13,34 STRUCTURAL NEUROIMAGING Several recent reviews have detailed structural imaging in children with ADHD. [37][38][39][40] Multiple studies have shown smaller total brain volume as well as smaller volume in a variety of subcortical (e.g.…”

Section: Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurobiology of Adult ADHD: Emerging Evidence for Network Dysfunctions

Jadidian¹,

Hurley²,

Taber³

2015

JNP

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FIGURE 1. Changes in cortical thickness provide one measure of brain maturation. A large longitudinal study found that for most areas of cortex, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reach peak cortical thickness several years later than typically developing children, supporting presence of developmental delay. 1 The rate of cortical thinning also differed between the group who continued to meet diagnostic criteria into adulthood (persistent ADHD) and those who did not (remitted ADHD). 2 Areas of cortex in which the rate of thinning correlated with adult symptom level (green, more symptoms associated with more thinning) are approximated on medial and lateral simplified representations of cortex. 2 An earlier study also identified multiple areas in which cortex was thinner in adults with persistent ADHD compared with controls (orange). 3 In addition, this study noted some areas of thicker cortex in remitted ADHD when compared with persistent ADHD (blue). FIGURE 2. Two recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have used cued reaction time tasks to assess differences between adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and controls in task-related activations and functional connectivity. 4,5 Left. One study used the area with the highest level of activation associated with cognitive control (right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) as the seed to assess functional connectivity associated with cognitive control. 5 The ADHD group had lower connectivity than the control group to multiple areas (orange, left putamen, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral subgenual cingulate cortex), but connectivity was not correlated with symptom severity. Right. The other study assessed thalamocortical functional connectivity and brain activations associated with response preparation. 4 The persistent ADHD group had lower connectivity compared with the remitted ADHD group from the seed region in thalamus to several areas in prefrontal cortex. The locations of the cluster centers (blue, bilateral frontopolar cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) are approximated onto a dorsal view of the cortical surface. An unexpected finding was that there were no significant differences between the remitted ADHD group and persistent ADHD in brain activations associated with response preparation. COVER AND FIGURE 3. Left. A resting state fMRI study in adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD reported significantly reduced functional connectivity within the default mode network in persistent ADHD. 6 The areas in which either remitted ADHD (blue) or controls (orange) had greater connectivity from the seed region (black, posterior cingulate cortex) compared with persistent ADHD are approximated on a midline MRI. 6 This study also reported that neither ADHD group exhibited the expected negative functional connectivity between the other default mode network seed region (medial prefrontal cortex) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex . Right. A resting state fMRI study in medication naive adults with ADHD re...

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“…3,4 The presence of neuropsychological impairments in patients with ADHD relative to control subjects is corroborated by studies involving neuropsychological assessment, especially of the executive functions. [5][6][7] However, short-term memory is the only cognitive function to have shown a specific association with the severity of hyperactivity symptoms. 8 There is no consensus in the literature regarding the association between the clinical presentation of ADHD and specific patterns of cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IPMRJ

0

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Introduction: ADHD is a major reason for the referral of children and adolescents to health care services due to the multidimensional nature of the impairment experienced by patients with this disorder. As such, the aim of this study was to determine whether neuropsychological and academic performance act as significant predictors of symptom intensity and quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method:The sample consisted of 96 children/adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD, aged between 6 and 16 years (mean=10.23; SD=2.37). Symptom intensity was assessed using the SNAP-IV. The APT was used to evaluate school performance. Neuropsychological assessments were obtained using the WISC-III. Quality of life was determined using the Peds-QL4.0. Results were examined using correlation analysis and general linear models (GLMs).Results: Univariate analyses revealed a significant influence of gender on the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms, as well as physical QOL. Age only influenced the severity of inattention symptoms and the social domain of QOL. The school domain of QOL was predicted by writing, arithmetic, reading and total scores on the APT. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant impact of neuropsychological performance on symptom severity and social quality of life. Academic performance predicted scores on the physical, emotional and social domains of QOL. Discussion:The variables examined in the present study were significant predictors of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, neuropsychology, child development, quality of life, adolescence International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal Research ArticleOpen Access The identification of predictive and causal relationships between factors associated with ADHD allows for a better comprehension of this condition and a deeper, multidimensional understanding of this area of research. In light of these observations, the aim of this study was to verify whether neuropsychological and academic performance act as predictors of QoL and the severity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. We also sought to investigate the effects of gender and age on QoL and symptom severity in this population. Predictors of quality of life and symptom severity in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Method ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 96 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years, with a diagnosis of ADHD. Patients were evaluated between August 2014 until June 2016 in a university reference hospital. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1. 21 The following parameters were considered: statistical power=0.95, alpha error rate=0,05, effect size F²=0.35(high) and 11 possible predictors (Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, Full Scale IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Organization Index, Freedom from Distractibility Index, Processing Speed Index, Arithmetic Score, Writing Score, Reading Score, Total Achievement Score). The minimum ...

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Working memory and intraindividual variability as neurocognitive indicators in ADHD: Examining competing model predictions.

Abstract: The current findings question the role of RT variability as a primary neurocognitive indicator in ADHD and suggest that ADHD-related RT variability may be secondary to underlying deficits in CE working memory.

Cited by 63 publications

References 72 publications

Predictors of Quality of Life and Symptom Severity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Predictors of Quality of Life and Symptom Severity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Neurobiology of Adult ADHD: Emerging Evidence for Network Dysfunctions

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