Working Memory and Reference Memory in Adult Rats following Limbic Seizures Induced at 21 or 90 Days of Age

Kinoshameg, S. E.; Persinger, Michael A.

doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.729

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As reported in previous studies performed a few weeks after the occurrence of SRSs induced by pilo or li‐pilo SE (17,22,24), the present data confirm that rats subjected to li‐pilo SE and experiencing a 5‐month duration of epilepsy are unable to learn the task in the radial‐arm maze. The same types of results were reported in rats rendered epileptic by KA‐induced SE (21,23,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies on the behavioral consequences of SRSs consecutive to pilocarpine‐ or kainate‐induced SE have concentrated mostly on memory. Thus working memory appears impaired in the Morris water maze during the latent period (20), and spatial working memory assessed in a radial arm maze is impaired during the chronic period (17,21–24). In the present work, we evaluated the long‐term behavioral consequences of li‐pilo SE induced in adult rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A 5‐Month Period of Epilepsy Impairs Spatial Memory, Decreases Anxiety, but Spares Object Recognition in the Lithium‐pilocarpine Model in Adult Rats

Détour

Schroeder²,

Desor³

et al. 2005

Epilepsia

124

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Summary:Purpose: In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), interictal behavioral disorders affect patients' quality of life. Therefore we studied long-term behavioral impairments in the lithiumpilocarpine (li-pilo) model of TLE.Methods: Eleven li-pilo adult rats exhibiting spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) during 5 months were compared with 11 li-saline rats. Spatial working memory was tested in a radial arm maze (RAM), anxiety in an elevated plus-maze (EPM), and nonspatial working memory in an object-recognition paradigm. Neuronal loss was assessed on thionine brain sections after behavioral testing.Results: In the RAM, the time to complete each session and the number of errors per session decreased over a 5-day period in li-saline rats but remained constant and significantly higher in li-pilo rats. In the EPM, the number of entries in and time spent on open arms were significantly higher in li-pilo than li-saline rats. In the object-recognition task, the two groups exhibited a comparable novelty preference for the new object. Neuronal loss reached 47-90% in hilus, CA1, amygdala, and piriform and entorhinal cortex.Conclusions: In li-pilo rats having experienced SRS for 5 months, performance in the object-recognition task is spared, which suggests that object discrimination remains relatively intact despite extensive damage. Neuronal loss in regions mediating memory and anxiety, such as hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala, may relate to impaired spatial orientation and decreased anxiety. Key Words: Temporal lobe epilepsyLithium-pilocarpine-Spatial memory-Object recognitionAnxiety-Neuronal damage.It is generally agreed that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are more prone to behavioral disorders and cognitive impairments than is the general population (1). These interictal impairments usually disrupt the patient's everyday life, often more than the seizures themselves (2,3). Furthermore, depression or anxiety often develops several years after epilepsy onset (2,4), and the control of the seizures with pharmacologic treatment does not always suppress these disorders (5). Among cognitive impairments, memory problems are frequently observed in patients with TLE. The most reliable observations are deficits in declarative memory (ability to acquire facts and events related to one's personal past, 6) and in the performance of visuospatial tasks (7-9). Moreover, long duration of refractory TLE seems to be associated with cognitive deterioration (10-12). Thus understanding the neural mechanism underlying these disturbances is an important Accepted November 28, 2004. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. J. Detour at INSERM U666, Clinique Psychiatrique, Hôpitaux Universitaires, 1 place de l'hôpital, BP426, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France. E-mail: Julien.Detour@chru-strasbourg.fr issue in the management of TLE. In animal models of TLE, the molecular, lesional, and metabolic characteristics have been quite extensively studied. Conversely, the cognitive or behavioral validity of the models was less s...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 5‐Month Period of Epilepsy Impairs Spatial Memory, Decreases Anxiety, but Spares Object Recognition in the Lithium‐pilocarpine Model in Adult Rats

Détour

Schroeder²,

Desor³

et al. 2005

Epilepsia

124

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“…Since WMEs and RMEs correspond to short-term and long-term memory, respectively, 15) the results indicated that PTB has an ameliorating effect on short-term memory, but not long-term memory (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Polygala tenuifolia Root Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Impairment of Rat Spatial Cognition in an Eight-Arm Radial Maze Task

Sun

Ito

Masuoka

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The effects of Polygala tenuifolia root fractions and the acyl groups of its constituents on the retrieval process of spatial cognition in rats were studied using an eight-arm radial maze task. Oral administration of a precipitate fraction (PTB) obtained by concentration of the n-BuOH-soluble portion from the extract of the roots significantly decreased the number of total errors (TEs) and that of working memory errors (WMEs) at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. However, it caused no significant decrease in the number of reference memory errors (RMEs). In addition, the saponin-rich fraction (PTBM) obtained by purification of PTB also showed significant decreases in TEs and WMEs at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Among the cinnamic acid derivatives present as the acyl groups in the P. tenuifolia constituents, sinapic acid (SNPA) significantly decreased TEs and WMEs at doses of 10 to 100 mg/kg. These results indicated that P. tenuifolia extracts, PTB and PTBM, and SNPA had a beneficial effect on the memory impairment induced by dysfunction of the cholinergic system in the brain. The memory improvement in the scopolamine-induced memory impairment seen in the radial maze performance was due to improvement in the short-term memory. A contribution of some constituents other than SNPA to the memory improvement was also suggested.

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Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Zhong

Ren

Tang

2016

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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The mobilization of endogenous neural stem cells in order to substitute lost neurons in the adult brain may reduce the negative effects of patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases. However, abnormal neurogenesis may be harmful and could lead to the worsening of patients' symptoms. In the brains of patients and animal models with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), increased newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) at early stages after brain insults have been speculated to be involved in epileptogenesis. However, this argument is unsupported by evidence showing that (1) hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced at chronic stages of intractable TLE, (2) decreased neurogenesis is involved in epileptogenesis, and (3) spontaneous recurrent seizures occur before newly generated neurons are integrated into hippocampal neural pathways. Therefore, the hypothesis of increased neurogenesis in epileptogenesis may need to be re-evaluated. In this paper, we systemically reviewed brain neurogenesis and relevant molecules in the regulation of neurogenesis in SGZ. We aimed to update researchers and epileptologists on current progresses on pathophysiological changes of neurogenesis at different stages of TLE in patients and animal models of TLE. The interactions among neurogenesis, epileptogenesis and cognitive impairment, and molecules' mechanism involved in neurogenesis would also be discussed. Future research directions are proposed at the end of this paper.

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Working Memory and Reference Memory in Adult Rats following Limbic Seizures Induced at 21 or 90 Days of Age

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

A 5‐Month Period of Epilepsy Impairs Spatial Memory, Decreases Anxiety, but Spares Object Recognition in the Lithium‐pilocarpine Model in Adult Rats

A 5‐Month Period of Epilepsy Impairs Spatial Memory, Decreases Anxiety, but Spares Object Recognition in the Lithium‐pilocarpine Model in Adult Rats

Effect of Polygala tenuifolia Root Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Impairment of Rat Spatial Cognition in an Eight-Arm Radial Maze Task

Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus of Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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