Working memory load reduces the processing of outcome evaluation involving others but not oneself: Event‐related potential evidence

Lin, Huiyan; Liang, Jianying

doi:10.1111/psyp.13938

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…For the other half, participants' performance outcomes were indicated by the ">" and "<" symbols, and the social comparison-related outcomes were signified by the "+" and "−" symbols. Note that for social comparison-related outcomes, using this presentation approach makes it easier for participants to process relevant outcomes than the approach used in previous studies, in which only outcomes involving others were presented (Lin & Liang, 2021c;Qi et al, 2018;Qiu et al, 2010;Valt et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2020Zhang et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the abovementioned ERP components have been used to investigate the processing of social comparison-related outcomes. Social comparison is often investigated by varying self-related and others' outcomes (Boksem et al, 2011;Lin & Liang, 2021c;Qi et al, 2018;Qiu et al, 2010;Valt et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020Zhang et al, , 2021. Using this approach, Boksem et al (2011) revealed an effect of others' outcomes on FRN and P300 responses irrespective of self-related outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To memorize the associations between self-interest and outcomes, which helps strengthen the competition effect, participants were also asked to perform an outcome judgment task, in which they were asked to indicate monetary gain or loss when observing self-related and social comparison-related outcomes in the competition and noncompetition conditions. Note that while several previous studies investigated social comparison-related outcomes by presenting equal outcomes between oneself and others (Lin & Liang, 2021c;Qi et al, 2018;Qiu et al, 2010;Valt et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020Zhang et al, , 2021, competitive environments required unequal outcomes (e.g., one was rewarded, and the other was punished). Therefore, the present study presented only unequal outcomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Competition influences outcome processing involving social comparison: An ERP study

Lin,

Liang

2023

Psychophysiology

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In a complicated social context, outcome evaluation involves not only oneself but also others in relation to the self (i.e., social comparison). Previous event‐related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the processing of social comparison‐related outcomes when one's interests are independent of the interests of others (i.e., noncompetition circumstances). However, it is unclear how social comparison‐related outcomes are processed in the brain when there are conflicts of interest between oneself and others (i.e., competition circumstances). To address this issue, participants in the current study were asked to perform an attentional task with several peers and were subsequently presented with self‐related outcomes (i.e., the performance difference between the current trial and several preceding trials) and social comparison‐related outcomes (i.e., the performance difference between oneself and their peer). Importantly, rewards and punishments were based on social comparison‐related outcomes in the competition condition and on self‐related outcomes in the noncompetition condition. ERP results revealed that in the competition condition, positive outcomes involving social comparison elicited a greater P300 response than negative outcomes, whereas this effect was not observed in the noncompetition condition. Additionally, there was generally a larger late positive potential (LPP) response to negative outcomes involving social comparison than to positive outcomes only when one obtained a self‐related positive outcome in the competition condition. These findings suggest that competition might strengthen outcome processing involving social comparison at late time ranges relying on self‐related outcomes to some extent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Competition influences outcome processing involving social comparison: An ERP study

Lin,

Liang

2023

Psychophysiology

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“…In healthy individuals, social comparison increases or decreases the value of the consequences of own actions and performances depending on the outcomes of others [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that social comparison influences striatal activationsin particular, activations of the putamen and ventral striatumduring feedback processing [49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Putamen Activation for Social Comparison-Related Feedback in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study

Lin,

Bruchmann,

Straube

2023

Neuropsychobiology

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Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal processing of performance-related social stimuli. Previous studies have shown altered emotional experiences and activations of different sub-regions of the striatum during processing of social stimuli in patients with SAD. However, whether and to what extent social comparisons affect behavioural and neural responses to feedback stimuli in patients with SAD is unknown. Materials and Methods: To address this issue, emotional ratings and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses were assessed while patients suffering from SAD and healthy controls (HC) were required to perform a choice task and received performance feedback (correct, incorrect, non-informative) that varied in relation to the performance of fictitious other participants (a few, half, or most of others had the same outcome). Results: Across all performance feedback conditions, fMRI analyses revealed reduced activations in bilateral putamen when feedback was assumed to be received by only a few compared to half of the other participants in patients with SAD. Nevertheless, analysis of rating data showed a similar modulation of valence and arousal ratings in patients with SAD and HC depending on social comparison-related feedback. Conclusions: This suggests altered neural processing of performance feedback depending on social comparisons in patients with SAD.

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“…A study of eyetracking design showed that individuals with high WM capacity performed better in resisting interference than individuals with low WM capacity (15). When the load of WM generates a gradient, in low-order working memory tasks, whether MDD patients with impaired interference control can control the central executive resources to complete the low-order WM tasks is not clear (22). Therefore, exploring the mechanism of interference control impairment and specifying the possible performance of MDD under different WM gradients will be of great help to better refine WM training and treatment plans in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural correlates of interference control dysfunction of working memory in major depressive disorder: An event-related potential study

et al. 2022

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Interference control function is a key function in a series of specific functions of working memory (WM), which is usually impaired in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Event-related potentials (ERPs) have advantages in exploring the neural processing of interference control and WM impairment, and therefore, it is helpful to further understand the neural mechanism of MDD. In the present study, 44 patients with MDD and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants completed a 4-gradient difficulty Brown-Peterson task (BPT), whose difficulty was manipulated by changing the demand of interspersed distraction tasks. High-density EEG was simultaneously recorded. The hit rate and reaction time (RT) toward the target stimulus as well as the underlying ERP features were analyzed. The results showed that, when compared with HCs, MDD patients had significantly lower hit rates and longer RTs among all four difficulties of BPT. For ERP components, no significant between-group difference was found in either N100 or P200 average amplitudes; however, the centroparietal late positive potential (LPP) amplitude of both MDD group and HC group decreased with the increase of BPT difficulty, despite the pattern of the HC group was relative moderate. For both groups, the LPP amplitude was significantly smaller in high-order difficult BPT tasks than in low-order difficult tasks. Moreover, LPP amplitude in high-order difficult tasks was much smaller in MDD group than that of HC group. Our findings suggest that failure to control interference well may play a critical role in the impairment of WM in patients with MDD, and provided new evidence that the neural correlates of interference control dysfunction of WM in MDD.

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Working memory load reduces the processing of outcome evaluation involving others but not oneself: Event‐related potential evidence

Cited by 5 publications

References 75 publications

Competition influences outcome processing involving social comparison: An ERP study

Competition influences outcome processing involving social comparison: An ERP study

Altered Putamen Activation for Social Comparison-Related Feedback in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study

The neural correlates of interference control dysfunction of working memory in major depressive disorder: An event-related potential study

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