Working Memory Maintenance Contributes to Long-term Memory Formation: Neural and Behavioral Evidence

Ranganath, Charan; Cohen, Michael X; Brozinsky, Craig J.

doi:10.1162/0898929054475118

Cited by 257 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

169

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Given the large number of brain regions active in these tasks, it is difficult to know the role of any particular region. In addition, it is difficult to rule out the idea that hippocampal activity in many tasks reflects the encoding of information into long-term memory (11,29,30). The present findings suggest that neither the hippocampus nor the parahippocampal gyrus (patient GP) is essential for the aspects of spatial cognition studied here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus

Kim

Dede

Hopkins

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We evaluated two different perspectives about the function of the human hippocampus-one that emphasizes the importance of memory and another that emphasizes the importance of spatial processing and scene construction. We gave tests of boundary extension, scene construction, and memory to patients with lesions limited to the hippocampus or large lesions of the medial temporal lobe. The patients were intact on all of the spatial tasks and impaired on all of the memory tasks. We discuss earlier studies that associated performance on these spatial tasks to hippocampal function. Our results demonstrate the importance of medial temporal lobe structures for memory and raise doubts about the idea that these structures have a prominent role in spatial cognition.T wo traditions of work have influenced discussion about the function of the hippocampus (1). One tradition is based on work with memory-impaired patients and the idea that the hippocampus is important for a particular kind of memory (2, 3). The other tradition is based on work with rodents and the idea that the hippocampus is critical for spatial mapping (4). Its possible role in spatial processing has been recently explored in humans as well (5), and it has been proposed that the human hippocampus is essential for the ability to construct spatially coherent scenes (6, 7).This view of hippocampal function has depended on evidence from two kinds of tasks: boundary extension and scene construction (6,8). Boundary extension refers to the tendency to reconstruct a scene such that it has a larger background than was actually presented (9). In the Mullally et al. (8) study, memoryimpaired patients exhibited boundary extension less strongly than controls. Scene construction refers to the ability to imagine and describe spatially coherent scenes. In two studies, memoryimpaired patients made few references to space when visualizing and describing imagined scenes (6,8).It is unclear how to reconcile such findings with the view that the hippocampus chiefly supports memory functions. In particular, the idea that the construction and visualization of scenes involves the hippocampus seems at odds with the historic distinction between short-term (working) memory and long-term memory and the related idea that short-term memory is independent of the hippocampus (10-12). According to this perspective, hippocampal damage should not impair performance on spatial tasks, so long as testing puts no burden on long-term memory. In an attempt to clarify these issues, we gave tests of boundary extension, scene construction, and memory to patients with well-characterized lesions limited to the hippocampus or large lesions of the medial temporal lobe.Results Experiment 1. Both controls and hippocampal patients exhibited boundary extension. That is, both groups drew the central objects such that they occupied less area than in the original photographs ( Fig. 1 controls = 61.9% of the original area, hippocampal patients = 62.5% of the original area, P < 0.01). The extent of reduction was simil...

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus

Kim

Dede

Hopkins

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to sustained activity in the OFC and amygdala, we also found sustained activity within the hippocampus. Previous fMRI data has demonstrated a role for MTL structures, including the hippocampus and surrounding parahippocampal cortex, in the short term maintenance of novel information (Ranganath and D'Esposito, 2001;Stern et al, 2001;Ranganath et al, 2003Ranganath et al, , 2005Schon et al, 2004;Schon et al, 2005). Based on the rich connections between the hippocampus, amygdala, and OFC (Barbas, 2000;Insausti and Munoz, 2001;Munoz and Insausti, 2005), we suggest that together these areas form a circuit that binds together and actively maintains emotion and identity information in WM.…”

Section: Active Maintenance Of Social Cuesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Working Memory for Social Cues Recruits Orbitofrontal Cortex and Amygdala: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Delayed Matching to Sample for Emotional Expressions

LoPresti¹,

Schön²,

Tricarico³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During everyday interactions, we continuously monitor and maintain information about different individuals and their changing emotions in memory. Yet to date, working memory (WM) studies have primarily focused on mechanisms for maintaining face identity, but not emotional expression, and studies investigating the neural basis of emotion have focused on transient activity, not delay related activity. The goal of this functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to investigate WM for two critical social cues: identity and emotion. Subjects performed a delayed match-to-sample task that required them to match either the emotional expression or the identity of a face after a 10 s delay. Neuroanatomically, our predictions focused on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala, as these regions have previously been implicated in emotional processing and long-term memory, and studies have demonstrated sustained OFC and medial temporal lobe activity during visual WM. Consistent with previous studies, transient activity during the sample period representing emotion and identity was found in the superior temporal sulcus and inferior occipital cortex, respectively. Sustained delay-period activity was evident in OFC, amygdala, and hippocampus, for both emotion and identity trials. These results suggest that, although initial processing of emotion and identity is accomplished in anatomically segregated temporal and occipital regions, sustained delay related memory for these two critical features is held by the OFC, amygdala and hippocampus. These regions share rich connections, and have been shown previously to be necessary for binding features together in long-term memory. Our results suggest a role for these regions in active maintenance as well.

show abstract

“…Recent studies have suggested that the hippocampus plays a role in working memory (i.e., in tasks requiring active maintenance of stimuli) (46)(47)(48). The design of the present study allowed us to examine whether the observed modulations in firing rate were related to the number of intervening stimuli between the Novel and Repeated stimulus presentation (methods and results for this analysis are presented in the SI Text).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Recognition memory signals in the macaque hippocampus

Jutras

Buffalo

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hippocampus plays a critical role in recognition memory in both monkeys and humans. However, neurophysiological studies have rarely reported recognition memory signals among hippocampal neurons. The majority of these previous studies used variants of the delayed match-to-sample task; however, studies of the effects of hippocampal damage in monkey and humans have shown that another task of recognition memory, the visual paired-comparison, or visual preferential looking task (VPLT), is more sensitive to hippocampal damage than the delayed matching tasks. Accordingly, to examine possible recognition memory signals in the hippocampus, we recorded the activity of 131 hippocampal neurons in two monkeys performing the VPLT. Eighty-eight neurons (67%) responded significantly to stimulus presentation relative to the baseline prestimulus period. A substantial proportion of these visually responsive neurons (36%) showed significant firing-rate modulations that reflected whether stimuli were novel or familiar. Additionally, these firing-rate modulations were correlated with recognition memory performance on the VPLT such that larger modulations by stimulus novelty were associated with better performance. Together, these results provide evidence for a neural signal in the hippocampus that may support recognition memory performance.medial temporal lobe | monkey | single unit

show abstract

Working Memory Maintenance Contributes to Long-term Memory Formation: Neural and Behavioral Evidence

Cited by 257 publications

References 96 publications

Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus

Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus

Working Memory for Social Cues Recruits Orbitofrontal Cortex and Amygdala: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Delayed Matching to Sample for Emotional Expressions

Recognition memory signals in the macaque hippocampus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About