Working memory predicts presence of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis

Jenkins, Lisanne M.; Bodapati, Anjuli S.; Sharma, Rajiv P.; Rosen, Cherise

doi:10.1080/13803395.2017.1321106

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…It has also been known that the left SFG plays a critical role in mediating working memory [ 75 ]. The recent Jenkins et al study (2017) [ 76 ] has provided evidence showing that working memory can be used for predicting the presence of AVH in both people with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorder. Thus, deficits in working memory may share some underlying mechanisms with the genesis of AVH and the involvement of the left SFG in hallucinations may be caused by the functional impairment of this cortical region in working memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that working memory is underlying the involvement of the left SFG in both visual search [ 87 , 88 ] and the EEM that can be efficiently measured with RSS [ 12 ]. Since deficits in working memory share some underlying mechanisms with the genesis of AVH [ 76 ], the negative correlation between the hallucination severity and the GMV in the left SFG and positive correlation between the RSS score and the GMV of the left SFG suggest that schizophrenia-related hallucinations and RSS deficits may be associated with deficits in working memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlations between exploratory eye movement, hallucination, and cortical gray matter volume in people with schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundWidespread cortical gray matter alternations in people with schizophrenia are correlated with both psychotic symptoms and cognitive/behavioral abnormalities, including the impairments of exploratory eye movement (EEM). Particularly, the loss of gray matter density is specifically related to deficits of the responsive search score (RSS) of EEM in schizophrenia. It is unknown, however, whether the schizophrenia-related RSS deficits are associated with certain psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations.MethodsIn 33 participants with schizophrenia, the measurement of EEM, assessment of the hallucination severity using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a voxel-based morphometric analysis of cortical gray matter volume (GMV) were conducted to investigate the relationships between the RSS of EEM, symptom severity, and GMV. In 29 matched healthy controls, the measurement of EEM and a voxel-based morphometric analysis of cortical GMV were also conducted to investigate the relationship between the RSS of EEM and GMV.ResultsIn participants with schizophrenia, the hallucination severity was significantly negatively correlated with both the RSS and the GMV of a large number of brain regions in the frontal, temporal, parietal, orbitofrontal, calcarine, cingulate, and insular cortices, and rolandic operculum, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and thalamus. Also in participants with schizophrenia, the RSS was significantly positively correlated with the GMV in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), left superior frontal cortex (SFG), bilateral precentral gyri, bilateral postcentral gyri, and bilateral middle frontal cortices. More importantly, the GMV of the SMA, SFG, and precentral gyrus in the left hemisphere was not only significantly negatively correlated with the hallucination severity but also significantly positively correlated with the RSS. No significant correlation could be revealed between the RSS and the GMV of any brain regions in healthy controls.ConclusionsThere was a significantly negative association between the hallucination severity and the RSS of EEM, suggesting that the RSS may be a potential biomarker for predicting the hallucination severity of schizophrenia. Also, the GMV of the left SMA, SFG, and precentral gyrus may be the common substrates underlying both hallucination induction and the RSS in people with schizophrenia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12888-018-1806-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between exploratory eye movement, hallucination, and cortical gray matter volume in people with schizophrenia

et al. 2018

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“…Working memory impairments in CBP+ may also be localized to more demanding working memory measures (Frydecka et al 2014). One study demonstrated that working memory impairments are specifically related to the presence of hallucinations (Jenkins et al 2017). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective

Karcher²,

2018

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Individuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension of abnormality associated with the experience of psychosis. These impairments negatively impact functional outcome, contributing to the disabling nature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. The robust and reliable nature of cognitive deficits has led researchers to explore the timing and profile of impairments, as this may elucidate different neurodevelopmental patterns in individuals who experience psychosis. Here, we review the literature on cognitive deficits across the life span of individuals with psychotic disorder and psychotic-like experiences, highlighting the dimensional nature of both psychosis and cognitive ability. We identify premorbid generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia that worsens throughout development, and stabilizes by the first-episode of psychosis, suggesting a neurodevelopmental course. Research in affective psychosis is less clear, with mixed evidence regarding premorbid deficits, but a fairly reliable generalized deficit at first-episode, which appears to worsen into the chronic state. In general, cognitive impairments are most severe in schizophrenia, intermediate in bipolar disorder, and the least severe in psychotic depression. In all groups, cognitive deficits are associated with functional outcome. Finally, while the generalized deficit is the clearest and most reliable signal, data suggests specific deficits in verbal memory across all groups, specific processing speed impairments in schizophrenia and executive functioning impairments in bipolar disorder. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders that provide a window into understanding developmental course and risk for psychosis.

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“…Patients met the following criteria: (1) <3 years of illness onset; (2) mental capacity to consent; and (3) diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder [27]. Healthy volunteers met the following criteria: (1) no current/lifetime history of an Axis I disorder, as determined by the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) [27]; (2) and no family history (first/second-degree) of an Axis I disorder [28].…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verbal working memory (WM) deficits are a stable component of the cognitive deficit seen in schizophrenia [1] that predict poor clinical [2] and functional outcomes [3]. However, the neurobiology underlying WM impairments remains poorly understood and unaddressed by current treatments [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural and molecular basis of working memory function in psychosis: a multimodal PET-fMRI study

et al. 2019

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Working memory (WM) deficits predict clinical and functional outcomes in schizophrenia but are poorly understood and unaddressed by existing treatments. WM encoding and WM retrieval have not been investigated in schizophrenia without the confounds of illness chronicity or the use of antipsychotics and illicit substances. Moreover, it is unclear if WM deficits may be linked to cannabinoid 1 receptor dysfunction in schizophrenia. Sixty-six volunteers (35 controls, 31 drug-free patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) completed the Sternberg Item-Recognition paradigm during an fMRI scan. Neural activation during WM encoding and WM retrieval was indexed using the blood-oxygen-level-dependent hemodynamic response. A subset of volunteers (20 controls, 20 drug-free patients) underwent a dynamic PET scan to measure [ 11 C] MePPEP distribution volume (ml/cm 3 ) to index CB1R availability. In a whole-brain analysis, there was a significant main effect of group on task-related BOLD responses in the superior parietal lobule during WM encoding, and the bilateral hippocampus during WM retrieval. Region of interest analyses in volunteers who had PET/fMRI indicated that there was a significant main effect of group on task-related BOLD responses in the right hippocampus, left DLPFC, left ACC during encoding; and in the bilateral hippocampus, striatum, ACC and right DLPFC during retrieval. Striatal CB1R availability was positively associated with mean striatal activation during WM retrieval in male patients (R = 0.5, p = 0.02) but not male controls (R = −0.20, p = 0.53), and this was significantly different between groups, Z = −2.20, p = 0.02. Striatal CB1R may contribute to the pathophysiology of WM deficits in male patients and have implications for drug development in schizophrenia.

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Working memory predicts presence of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 48 publications

Correlations between exploratory eye movement, hallucination, and cortical gray matter volume in people with schizophrenia

Correlations between exploratory eye movement, hallucination, and cortical gray matter volume in people with schizophrenia

Cognitive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective

The neural and molecular basis of working memory function in psychosis: a multimodal PET-fMRI study

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