Working while sick: validation of the multidimensional presenteeism exposures and productivity survey for nurses (MPEPS-N)

Abstract

Background: Presenteeism is the employee behaviour of physically attending work with reduced performance due to illness or for other reasons. Nurses are four times more likely to exhibit presenteeism compared to other occupations, threatening patient safety through increased patient falls, medication errors and staff-to-patient disease transmission. There is a paucity of standardized instruments that quantify the association between presenteeism with its exposures and related productivity. This study aims to validate an instrument that comprehensively measures presenteeism workplace and personal exposures specifically for Asian nurses. Methods: Questionnaire domain items were selected based on the JD-R framework and a previously conducted systematic review of pre-existing validated scales measuring work attendance exposures used in previous healthcare studies. The preliminary questionnaire consisted of two outcomes (presenteeism frequency, productivity) and five exposure domains: work resources, work demands, work stress, work engagement, personal traits and health. Content validation and back translation (English-Cantonese Chinese-English) were carried out. Responses from fulltime nurses working in two acute care hospitals (Preliminary questionnaire at Hospital 1: N = 295 and main round questionnaire at Hospital 2: N = 1146) were included in the validation study to ensure an adequate sample size of ten cases per indicator variable for CFA analysis. A random sample of 80 nurses from Hospital 1 were selected for test-retest reliability 4 weeks post the initial survey. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity tests were also tested. Results: Satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7), test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.4); and construct validity -convergent and discriminant validity was achieved. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory fitness indices (CFI and TLI > 0.95, RMSEA < 0.08). Presenteeism and productivity significantly associated with all work resources, work engagement and work stress constructs in Hospital 2.Conclusion: A reliable Multidimensional Presenteeism Exposures and Productivity Survey (MPEPS-N) has been validated in two distinct hospital environments. The instrument helps to identify and quantify organizational or individual exposures that significantly associate with presenteeism and its related productivity, thus allowing hospital managers to set evidence-based intervention targets for wellness programs and formulate human resource policies in reducing presenteeism-related productivity loss.

Comparisons of unscheduled absences among categories of anesthesia practitioners, including anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, and anesthesia residents

“…A validated instrument to study presenteeism among nurses was only published within the past year. 4 We found no previous studies of presenteeism in anesthesia. 2 Further study of presenteeism among anesthesia practitioners would be useful, especially because of the current Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.…”

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Health Promotion Interventions for Nurses: A Systematic Review

“…In addition to the physical and mental health of workers, there is a great financial burden on healthcare organisations in the form of sickness absenteeism [26], and presenteeism (working while sick) [27,28]. Nurses are four times more likely to exhibit presenteeism compared to other occupations [29], with presenteeism costing twice as much as sickness absenteeism [30]. Nurses' ill-health impacts on productivity [31], care quality [31,32], absenteeism and turnover [33], continuity of care [34] and patient safety (e.g., through increased patient falls, medication errors and staff-to-patient disease transmission) [29,35,36].…”

“…Nurses are four times more likely to exhibit presenteeism compared to other occupations [29], with presenteeism costing twice as much as sickness absenteeism [30]. Nurses' ill-health impacts on productivity [31], care quality [31,32], absenteeism and turnover [33], continuity of care [34] and patient safety (e.g., through increased patient falls, medication errors and staff-to-patient disease transmission) [29,35,36]. Links have been made between unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, stress, work engagement and job satisfaction [37][38][39][40].…”

Personality and job creativity in relation to engagement in nursing

“…One of the factors in organizational productivity and employee wellbeing, engagement, has become the organizational one-best-way, where passion and effort are considered components of productivity (Liu & Johnston, 2019). Engagement refers to the responsibility employees feel to the organization they belong to (Molero et al, 2018).…”