Working with Children at Risk in the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism (IS) and Situational Action Theory (SAT)

Bernasiewicz, Maciej

doi:10.15804/tner.2017.48.2.13

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The dynamics of SCSB communication experience reinforces the assumption of symbolic interactionism theory regarding the origin of meaning of the object in social interaction. According to the theory, meaning does not originate from closed mental processes but comes from broad and dynamic interactions [ 97 , 98 ]. The proposition is not how the mental processes of humans create meaning and symbols of hatred but on how children learn hatred from the outside world during the process of self-socialization [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent language in the environment of street children singer-beggars

Bajari

Kuswarno

2020

Heliyon

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Background Street children singer-beggars are differently treated psychologically and socially by many people on the street since they are considered to disturb the environment. They grow up with different perspectives from children of their age and social interactions unsuitable for their growth. Abusive language, repeated acts of violence, and antisocial attitudes have shaped their different personalities and characteristics in accordance with their age. Objective This study was conducted to observe the lives of street children singer-beggars through their understanding of adult communication and explain their verbal language and its meaning in their communication. Participants and Setting: The participants were 15 singer-beggars as informants who spent 8 h or more on the streets. They were selected through interview and observation in eight months based on the following characteristics as criteria:(1) having an age range between 12 and 17 years old, (2) having been in elementary school, (3) spending more than 8 h on the streets and having been taken to the streets on average three years, and (4) coming from very poor families. In addition to singing in the streets, they were working as porters and junk collectors and sellers. All of them smoke, enjoy alcoholic beverages, and inhale toxic materials (rubber cement glue). Researchers engaged in their daily lives intensively like playing music on the bus and in crowds. Method The study employs social phenomenology approach seeking to explore and describe the life experiences of street children who make a living by singing and begging. Results Result showed that all children (100%) reported that their communication pattern was conducted with four dominant groups, namely, parents, fellow singers, security officers, and street thugs. Furthermore, 80% of key informants said that communication occurred between setting and omission of verbal and nonverbal violence and physical violence. All key informants constructed 18 phrases related to violence or conflicts on the streets, seven phrases for calling people, 14 phrases related to deviant actions, and 24 phrases for begging or singing on the street. Conclusion Communication acts of street children singer-beggars happened dynamically, specifically, and purposively. They formed communication patterns by constructing a language that showed suffering, brutality, attack, seduction, survival effort, and unity of groups and languages. This experience needed to be considered in helping children return to their families and child protection homes and schools for their welfare. Results showed that protection of children from the streets by government protection agencies must be conducted based on street children's point of view that allows them to get out of the streets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent language in the environment of street children singer-beggars

Bajari

Kuswarno

2020

Heliyon

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“…The methods presented here are my conceptualizations of rehabilitation of at-risk and delinquent youth. The ideas for these methods emerged from an SI framework and I have been trying to apply it to the theory of rehabilitation for many years in order to improve the notions (see also Bernasiewicz, 2011Bernasiewicz, , 2012Bernasiewicz, , 2017.…”

Section: Research Aim and Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working with Deprived and Depraved Children in the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism

Bernasiewicz

2022

lrp

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Introduction: By creating a framework composed of such concepts as the self, definition of the situation, meaning, joint action, making indications, and social labelling, symbolic interactionism (SI) provides us with a useful conceptual apparatus for understanding human behavior and analyzing the process of criminogeneity. Research Aim: Similar to the way that Howard Becker has discussed the social character of deviations using excerpts of interviews that he carried out with marijuana smokers and jazz musicians, I try to show on the basis of interviews with counsellors how we can use methods of rehabilitation drawing from SI to social work and treatment of at-risk and delinquent youth. Method: These findings were based on data drawn from in-depth interviews (semi-structured) with counsellors from day care treatment centres (sociotherapists). Results: The article presents four methods of rehabilitation and social work with at-risk and delinquent youth, which were generated from collected data and from the theory of SI. Conclusion: Probation officers, social workers, counsellors, street workers, sociotherapists are professions that can use the ideas and methods presented in the article in their professional practice.

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“…Many of the studies in the search have been 'inspired' by SAT or used it as a theoretical backdrop, but are not an explicit direct test of the theory in the sense that the results could speak against SAT (Bernasiewicz, 2017;Brewster, Brauer, & Lynn, 2018;Carson & Bartholomew, 2016;Ceccato & Benson, 2016;Cuervo, Villanueva, Born, & Gavray, 2018;Goergen & Beaulieu, 2017;Groß, Hövermann, & Messner, 2018;Hardie, 2021a;Ko, Hong, Hwang, Chang, & Hwang, 2021;Lokanan, 2018;Parker, 2021;Perez-Trujillo, Reyes, Cabrera, & Gomez, 2016;Schils & Pauwels, 2016;Silver & Silver, 2021;Svensson & Oberwittler, 2021;Warren et al, 2018Warren et al, , 2020.…”

Section: A Review Of Studies Published Between 2016 and 2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational sources of rule-breaking acts : an analytic criminology approach

Chrysoulakis¹

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Criminology has long been divided by mainly focusing on people’s propensities to commit crimes, on the one hand, and environmental characteristics conducive to crime, on the other. Such a division must be bridged to advance knowledge about why some people, but not others, commit rule-breaking acts in some environments but not in others. Furthermore, explanations require causal mechanisms explaining how the outcome, a rule-breaking act, is produced. Analytic Criminology offers a general framework for how to theoretically and empirically structure the study of crime. It does so by connecting macro- and micro-levels – structuring the convergence of certain people in certain places – through a mechanistic account. Within this framework, the situational action theory (SAT) proposes a causal mechanism explaining how said convergence triggers the perception-choice process: a rule-breaking act must first be perceived to be subsequently chosen. The main drivers during this process are the person’s crime propensity and the criminogeneity of the behaviour setting. Identifying the central components also enables the theorising of changes in crime involvement, which is the subject of the developmental ecological action (DEA) model of SAT. Drawing on data from the longitudinal project Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study, this thesis aimed to test SAT and its DEA model, thus bridging said division. It did so through four studies with specific reference to adolescents’ crime propensity, exposure to criminogenic settings, their convergence, and finally, change over time. Study I and study II investigated adolescents’ time use and connections to rule-breaking. The former examined how adolescents spend time in unsupervised and unstructured socialising with peers, during which hours of the day, in which neighbourhoods, and what level of collective efficacy the neighbourhoods have. Study II focused on adolescents’ routine activities and how they differentially place adolescents in unstructured socialising. Furthermore, it tested whether adolescents with higher crime propensity run a higher probability of reporting a rule-breaking act during unstructured socialising irrespective of their routine activities. Study III extended the situational analysis by investigating how adolescents form rule-breaking intentions in randomised scenarios depending on their morality, self-control, and the setting characteristics (varying in level of motivation and deterrence). Study IV applied a developmental perspective to key theoretical constructs derived from the DEA model, focusing on how morality, peer delinquency, and unstructured socialising change, and how the change in each is related to change in the others. Together, the studies found that adolescents with different levels of crime propensity are differently exposed to criminogenic settings but that such exposure simultaneously increases the probability of rule-breaking more for adolescents with higher crime propensity. In sum, the studies have bridged the person–place division in different ways by being rooted in a mechanistic account of rule-breaking, which is proposed as a way forward for criminology as a discipline.

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Working with Children at Risk in the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism (IS) and Situational Action Theory (SAT)

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Violent language in the environment of street children singer-beggars

Violent language in the environment of street children singer-beggars

Working with Deprived and Depraved Children in the Perspective of Symbolic Interactionism

Situational sources of rule-breaking acts : an analytic criminology approach

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