Working with Loss and Grief: A Theoretical and Practical Approach

ResumenObjetivo: Conocer en profundidad el fenómeno del duelo complicado o patológico, y recabar aquellos indicadores de detección y evaluación que nos permitan su pronta identificación en la práctica clínica.Método: Tras una amplia revisión de la literatura científica aparecida en los últimos años, y a la luz de nuestra experiencia profesional, se realizó una recopilación de los indicadores más significativos.Resultados: Presentamos los principales criterios diagnósticos e instrumentos de medida utilizados en la actualidad, que permiten a los profesionales del ámbito de la salud valorar con precisión posibles complicaciones en el proceso de duelo.Conclusiones: Contamos con importantes indicadores e instrumentos de valoración del duelo complicado, siendo cada vez mayor el reconocimiento de este diagnóstico clínico como una entidad propia, por parte de la comunidad científica. Resulta fundamental el desarrollo de la investigación en duelo complicado con miras a optimizar las posibilidades de apoyo emocional.Palabras clave: El final de la vida, duelo complicado, indicadores de detección, factores protectores, factores de riesgo, criterios diagnósticos, instrumentos de medida. Abstract Aim: A thorough study of the complicated or pathological grief phenomenon and a recapitulation of those detection and assessment indicators enabling a speedy identification in the clinical practice.Method: A compilation of the most significant indicators was carried out after a large research on the scientific literature appeared latterly and the results derived from our professional experience.Results: A presentation of the major diagnosis criteria and tools used at present, which allow professionals of the field of health to a more precise valuation of possible complications happening during the grief process.Conclusions: We rely on important indicators and grief assessment tools since the recognition of such clinical diagnosis is gaining in importance, thus becoming a matter of significance within the scientific community. Consequently, a development in the investigation of the complicated grief aimed at optimizing the possibilities of the emotional support should be considered a must.

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“…Adult Attitude to Grief Scale (AAG) (72) : es auto-administrado junto a profesionales. Consta de 9 ítems con formato de respuesta tipo Likert.…”

Section: Conclusión Y Discusiónunclassified

Detección de duelo complicado

2013

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“…Aún a pesar de la sobrecarga de trabajo del personal sanitario, siempre será de gran utilidad que alguien dentro del equipo esté preparado para atender los miedos, las dudas, las necesidades de comunicación, de atención y de apoyo de los familiares y el paciente. Ellos necesitan saber qué está pasando en sus vidas, y qué y por qué se está haciendo para ayudarles a lo largo del proceso (Altmaier, 2011;Machin, 2009).…”

Section: Preocupaciones Existencialesunclassified

Cuidando al cuidador: familiares de pacientes al final de la vida

Barreto¹,

Dı́az

Pérez

et al. 2013

Revista de Psicología de la Salud

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The last Century has shown a big change in the deadly disease models. At the beginning the leading causes of death among developed countries were infectious diseases with fatal outcome in a short period of time. Nevertheless, with technological, medical and pharmaceutical advances, the number of deaths from these conditions has decreased, while the rate of chronic disease course and often terminal, such as cancer, AIDS, etc., have increased. People end of the life usually involves social, physical and psychological changes in the patient's condition, their family system and the environment in which these are embedded. Also they profoundly change the patient's life and their whole family system. Although the different elements of a system interact and produce mutual influences, a deep analysis of each element is required to acknowledge the specific circumstances involved. This paper highlights especially families' needs, as one of the main aspects that enable system functionality and communication inside the system. It also proposes a theoretical review of the main elements that help to promote the well-being of these families at this difficult time this.

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“…In response to this loss, the attendant emotional state relayed is that of grief, which is typically defined as the affective reaction and experience one goes through with loss (Shear, 2012;Stroebe et al, 2008;Worden, 2009). Although in relation to bereavement, grief is a reaction to death, the general concept of grief is more encompassing, including developmental loss and change, circumstantial loss and change and disenfranchised grief (Machin, 2009). The process of adaptation to the bereavement and grief reaction is that of mourning, which involves the social expression and act of grief (Stroebe et al, 2008;Worden, 2009).…”

Section: In the Beginningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of this story-making process often involves the use of metaphors, as people can sometimes struggle with the direct expression of feelings (Nadeau, 2008). The use of metaphors within the narrative process allows the bereaved to capture some of the complexity of their thoughts and emotions through a form that is abstract and at times easier to communicate (Machin, 2009). The process of narrative therapy involves three elements, namely:…”

Section: The Crossroads Of Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal narrative: impact of the event, persons emotional and cognitive reactions to the event Reflexive narrative: gaining new perspectives and making sense of the experience (Machin, 2009) Nerken (1993, as cited in Rothaupt & Becker, 2007) elaborates on the import of the third element (reflexivity) stating, "The reflective process that is so central to grief is only possible because of a characteristic unique to the self: reflexivity. Alone among entities, the self reflects on itself -is at once subject and object" (p.9).…”

Section: The Crossroads Of Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The stories we haven't told: the lived experience of music used in therapy for bereaved parents

Flynn¹

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Music therapy within the parameters of the therapeutic space has been widely researched, explored, discussed and analysed within the literature. With a tool such as music however, which exists in our everyday life, it is critical for the profession to start to focus beyond the therapy room. This qualitative research project therefore aimed to explore the ways in which music therapy, specifically song parody technique, shapes bereaved parents engagement with music in their lives. In order to address this overarching aim, three questions were explored:(1) What are bereaved parents lived experiences of music therapy?(2) How do bereaved parents lived experiences of music therapy affect their ongoing relationship with music? (3) In what ways does the song parody technique shape a bereaved parents meaning of the song?Through a constructivist lens, the methodology of narrative inquiry was employed as it allowed the storied lives of the bereaved parents as well as the music to be told in a way that acknowledged the existence of multiple realities, accounted for the individual nature of grief and recognised the dual import of researcher and participant.Five past clients of the researcher consented to participate in an in-depth interview either one or two years post music therapy during which, music that was used in the therapy session was played to participants.Findings from the narratives were revealing and suggest that music used in therapy sessions can often continue to play a role in client's lives beyond the therapy room.For all participants new and/or additional meanings were created and associated to the music used for the song parody technique. Furthermore, findings suggest that the way a client engages in the process of songwriting can impact on their longer-term meanings and associations to the music. These meanings continue to exist for a significant period of time post music therapy, irrespective of level of engagement within the therapy session. Of critical importance is the fact that although all participants acquired new meaning to music used in therapy, for some participants, iii this created a more painful and triggered association to the music. It is considerations such as this, which highlight the importance of this study and future studies that consider the longer-term implications of our therapeutic tool.iv

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Working with Loss and Grief: A Theoretical and Practical Approach

Cited by 25 publications

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Detección de duelo complicado

Detección de duelo complicado

Cuidando al cuidador: familiares de pacientes al final de la vida

The stories we haven't told: the lived experience of music used in therapy for bereaved parents

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