Workplace Aerosol Measurement

Volkwein, Jon C.; Maynard, Andrew; Harper, Martin

doi:10.1002/9781118001684.ch25

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Therefore, it is worth examining how these conditions are represented in literature in other domains [19], [20]. Relevant in this context are results regarding particulate matter, aerosols and settling of dust [21]- [23] which reveal much regarding expected fluctuations of dust density (even though, care must be taken regarding the specific composition and ratio of mineral particles, cellulose and skin fragments which differ in outdoor environments and closed airspaces of manufacturing facilities).…”

Section: Relevant Conditions In Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some sources deal with the mechanical behaviour and handling of dust (e.g., accumulation and removal from photovoltaic panels [24]), others have investigated the conductive properties of dust and moisture, with particular attention to their effect on dielectrics such as high voltage isolators [21] and printed circuit boards (PCBs) [19], [26].…”

Section: Relevant Conditions In Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface resistance of ESD-protected worksurfaces—measurement, modelling and estimation considerations

et al. 2017

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The prevention of electrostatic discharge (ESD) is of crucial importance in the electronics industry, and surfaces of workstations have to be of specific resistance for effective ESD protection. The paper presents results of an R&D project which investigated the—so far rarely researched—dependence of worksurface resistance on ambient conditions and surface contamination. Upon examination of known and assumed dependencies, measurement and instrumentation are outlined, relying on existing automated facility management, autonomous devices, and manual measurement/logging. Further parts of the paper report on an analysis of the data obtained, as well as their use in building models of surface resistance, employing feature selection metaheuristics applied in combination with artificial neural networks. Surface resistance models built with approximately one year’s worth of measurement data yielded estimations with 12 % average relative error, and showed that surface resistance can be estimated relying on data that can be obtained by contactless and remote measurement, without immediate interference with work processes.

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Section: Relevant Conditions In Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevant Conditions In Other Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface resistance of ESD-protected worksurfaces—measurement, modelling and estimation considerations

et al. 2017

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“…(1) Established occupational exposure monitoring practice based on CFC sampling generally entails the use of a battery-powered personal sampling pump, which pulls air via vacuum through a filter housed within the cassette. (2) For personal monitoring of airborne particles to measure their elemental content, such filter sampling is ordinarily carried out using membrane (3) or depth (4) filters. Subsequently, the filter deposit is normally analyzed by atomic spectrometric techniques after acid dissolution of the filter medium plus collected particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, CFC internal capsules made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and used for gravimetric analysis of collected particulate matter are commercially available. (2, 15) However, PVC is extremely difficult to solubilize without sizable dilution, and thus, CFC insert capsules fabricated from this polymer are not appropriate for elemental analysis by means of standardized acid digestion and atomic spectrometric detection methods. Efforts have been undertaken recently to produce CFC capsule inserts made out of material that is more easily solubilized (at the request of the ASTM International Subcommittee on Workplace Air Quality); (16) a prototype internal capsule made entirely of cellulosic material has been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Soluble Internal Capsules for Closed-Face Cassette Elemental Sampling and Analysis of Workplace Air

Harper

Ashley

2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Airborne particles that are collected using closed-face filter cassettes (CFCs), which are used widely in the sampling of workplace aerosols, can deposit in places other than on the filter and thereby may not be included in the ensuing analysis. A technique for ensuring that internal non-filter deposits are included in the analysis is to collect airborne particles within an acid-soluble internal capsule that, following sampling, can be dissolved along with the filter for subsequent elemental analysis. An interlaboratory study (ILS) was carried out to evaluate the use of cellulosic CFC capsule inserts for their suitability in the determination of trace elements in airborne samples. The ILS was performed in accordance with an applicable ASTM International standard practice, ASTM E691, which describes statistical procedures for investigating interlaboratory precision. Performance evaluation materials consisted of prototype cellulose acetate capsules attached to mixed-cellulose ester filters. Batches of capsules were dosed with Pb-containing materials (standard aqueous solutions, and certified reference material soil and paint). Also, aerosol samples containing nine target analyte elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Ni) were generated using a multiport sampler; various concentrations and sampling times were employed to yield samples fortified at desired loading levels. Triplicates of spiked capsules at three different loadings were conveyed to each volunteer laboratory; loading levels were unknown to the participants. The laboratories were asked to prepare the samples by acid dissolution and to analyze aliquots of extracted samples by atomic spectrometry in accordance with applicable ASTM International Standards. Participants were asked to report their results in units of μg of each target element per sample. For the elements investigated, interlaboratory precision and recovery estimates from the participating laboratories demonstrated the utility of the cellulosic capsule inserts for the measurement of sampled trace elements.

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“…When CFC sampling is carried out, gravimetric analysis procedures for aerosol measurement should employ internal capsules (24) such as the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Accu-Cap (SKC Inc., Eighty Four, Pa.), the Woodcheck (MSA, Pittsburgh, Pa.), or equivalent. Weighing only the filter is generally insufficient, since this practice will not account for material collected on internal sampler walls and on the interior of the cap.…”

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confidence: 99%