Workplace breastfeeding support and job satisfaction among working mothers in the United States

Whitley, Margaret D.; Ro, Annie; Choi, BongKyoo

doi:10.1002/ajim.22989

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our hypothesis that not working would be associated with longer duration overall was supported, but only in comparison to service/labor occupations, which are typically less accommodating of breastfeeding [ 25 ]. Not working was not significantly different from professional/managerial work, which is more likely to accommodate breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panel Study of Income Dynamics captured work data specifically for the period immediately following the child’s birth. This was an advantage over other studies that relied on occupation during pregnancy [ 25 ]. Also, we used breastfeeding duration as an outcome, which provided more granularity and more statistical power than a dichotomous outcome, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers who work in jobs that are hazardous, inflexible, lack parental leave benefits and/or do not have lactation accommodations tend to breastfeed for shorter duration [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Mothers working non-professional jobs, such as administrative, service and manual labor jobs also have shorter breastfeeding duration [11,[21][22][23][24], possibly because mothers working in those occupations experience more workrelated barriers to breastfeeding, like not having time or an appropriate place to pump [25].…”

Section: Empirical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that working exposes mothers to many barriers to continued breastfeeding [ 25 ], mothers who do not work might be expected to breastfeed longer, even compared to mothers in relatively accommodating jobs. However, the literature presents a mixed picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States

Whitley

Palma

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background In the United States, mothers’ employment status and occupation are related to breastfeeding. However, it is unclear whether not working leads to longer breastfeeding duration even when compared to professional/managerial jobs, which tend to accommodate breastfeeding better than service/manual labor jobs. Furthermore, occupation and breastfeeding are racially patterned, and it is possible that race could moderate the relationships between mother’s work and breastfeeding. Methods Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we modeled breastfeeding duration based on mother’s employment/occupation (not working, professional/managerial work, or service/labor work) during the first 6 months postpartum, as well as mother’s race (White, Black or other) and other potential confounders. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and tested an interaction between employment/occupation type and race. Predictive margins were used to compare breastfeeding duration among subgroups. Results Mothers working in service/labor occupations had the shortest breastfeeding duration of the three employment/occupation groups, and there was no significant difference in duration between not working and professional/managerial occupation. White mothers had longer breastfeeding duration than Black mothers on average. When we included an interaction between employment/occupation and race, we found that among White mothers, non-working mothers breastfed the longest, while mothers in service/labor work breastfed for the shortest duration, but among Black mothers, mothers in professional/managerial work breastfed for longer than mothers in the other two work categories. Discussion Race moderated the relationship between employment status/occupation type and breastfeeding such that, for White mothers, not working was the most advantageous circumstance for breastfeeding, in line with traditional work-family conflict theory. In contrast, for Black mothers, professional/managerial work was the most advantageous circumstance. These findings support the idea of the Market-Family Matrix, which allows that different work scenarios may be more or less advantageous for parenting behaviors like breastfeeding, depending on mothers’ circumstances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States

Whitley

Palma

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…U Tablici 4. prikazana je unutarnja konzistentnost čestica ljestvice stavova BBAKQ prof. upitnika, Cronbach's Alpha iznosi 0,94. Obuhvaćene su teme dojenja na javnom mjestu (17), shvaćanja dojenja ne samo kao načina hranjenja nego temeljnog ljudskog odnosa (18), uloge oca u podršci dojenju (19), odnosu dojenja i okolnosti na radnom mjestu (20). Tablica 5. pokazuje faktorsku strukturu ljestvice stavova i pripadajuće čestice.…”

Section: Statistički Postupciunclassified

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Breastfeeding Behavior, Attitudes and Knowledge of a Sample of Croatian Health Worker

Čatipović,

Puharić,

Čatipović

et al. 2024

Paediatr Croat

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The aim of this study was to create a questionnaire that will enable the quantification of procedures, attitudes and knowledge of healthcare professionals on breastfeeding. The research was conducted on 370 healthcare workers (37 male and 333 female) who, in the period from 15/12/2020 until 15/03/2021, completed the online working version of the questionnaire. Statistical procedures of particle reduction and extraction of the main factors and calculation of construct validity (indicate the degree to which an instru- ment measures the trait or theoretical construct that it is intended to measure) resulted in a questionnaire on behavior, attitudes and knowledge of health workers about breastfeeding (BBAKQ prof ). The questionnaire consists of a scale of behavior (9 items), attitudes (19 items) and knowledge (20 items). The behavior scale shows satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.70), and the factorial solution with three factors (Breastfeeding Support, Breastfeeding Cessation, and Wrong advice) explains 67.16% of the vari- ance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.69, Bartlett’s test < 0.000). The extracted values of the average variance extracted for each latent variable are greater than 0.5 (0.55/0.63/0.72) which indicates good convergent validity. Heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio correla- tions (0.11/0.19/0.56) confirm good discriminant validity. The attitude scale has a high Cronbach’s Alpha (0.94), and the factorial solution with two factors (Positive attitudes on breastfeeding, Negative attitudes on breastfeeding) explains 61.65% of the variance (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test = 0.93, Bartlett’s test < 0.000). The average variance extracted values for each latent variable are greater than 0.5 (0.53/0.67), and the HTMT correlation ratio is 0.63, indicating good convergent and discriminant validity. The internal consistency of knowledge scale items on the BBAKQ prof. questionnaire is very good (KR20 = 0.81). The questionnaire could be used as an aid in research of contribution of healthcare workers to successful breastfeeding, it is free and available at the link provided in the text.

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Experience Among Postnatal Nurses With Two or Three Children Returning to Work Within 3 Months in China: A Qualitative Study

Liu,

Yang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Nursing Open

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AimTo analyse experience in postnatal nurses returning to work within 3 months following the delivery of a second or third child and recommend appropriate measures to relieve pressure and enhance work engagement among this group.MethodsThis study adopted a descriptive phenomenological approach. Semi‐structured interview was carried out with 12 postnatal nurses who had returned to work in the postpartum period following the delivery of a second or third child. The collected data were analysed using the Colaizzi method.ResultsExperience among postnatal nurses with two or three children was found to stem from three factors: declining physical quality after childbirth (pelvic floor disorder, fatigue, postpartum memory decline and sleep disturbance), poor psychological adjustment after childbirth (work–family conflict, conflict between clinical work and breastfeeding and role maladjustment) and lack of clear career planning.ConclusionThis study emphasised the importance of psychological experience when postnatal nurses returning to clinical work in the early phase. Postnatal nurses and nurse leaders can use these results to make comprehensive solution in order to improve work engagement in the postpartum return.Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.

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Workplace breastfeeding support and job satisfaction among working mothers in the United States

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States

Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Breastfeeding Behavior, Attitudes and Knowledge of a Sample of Croatian Health Worker

Experience Among Postnatal Nurses With Two or Three Children Returning to Work Within 3 Months in China: A Qualitative Study

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