Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: reproductive health in children and adolescents work group summary.

LeMasters, Grace K.; Perreault, Sally D.; Hales, Barbara F.; Hatch, Maureen; Hirshfield, Anne N.; Hughes, Claude L.; Kimmel, Gary L.; Lamb, James C.; Pryor, Jon L.; Rubin, Carol; Seed, Jennifer

doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3505

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The BSID-II is a revision and restandardization of the BSID, one of the most widely used tests of infant development. Scores have been shown to be sensitive to a variety of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal insults, including lead exposure (11)(12)(13)(14). A Spanish version of the BSID (BSID-IIS) was developed by our research group before this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Predicts 24-Month Bayley Scales Infant Development Score

et al. 2003

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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) regulates cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, and may mediate synaptogenesis during neurodevelopment. To our knowledge, the effects of APOE4 isoforms on infant development have not been studied. This study was nested within a cohort of mother-infant pairs living in and around Mexico City. A multiple linear regression model was constructed using the 24-mo Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scale as the primary outcome and infant APOE genotype as the primary risk factor of interest. Regression models stratified on APOE genotype were constructed to explore effect modification. Of 311 subjects, 53 (17%) carried at least one copy of the APOE4 allele. Mean (SD) MDI scores among carriers with at least one copy of APOE4 were 94.1 (14.3) and among E3/E2 carriers were 91.2 (14.0). After adjustment for covariates, APOE4 carrier status was associated with a 4.4 point (95% confidence interval: 0.1-8.7; p ϭ 0.04) higher 24-mo MDI. In the stratified regression models, the negative effects for umbilical cord blood lead level on 24-mo MDI score was approximately 4-fold greater among APOE3/APOE2 carriers than among APOE4 carriers. These results suggest that subjects with the E4 isoform of APOE may have advantages over those with the E2 or E3 isoforms with respect to early life neuronal/brain development. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE, protein; APOE, gene) is an intracellular cholesterol and fatty acid transport protein that plays an important role in neuronal metabolism. The gene for this protein has been localized on chromosome 19, and there are three common alleles-E2, E3, and E4 -which differ only on the basis of one or two amino acids on positions 112 and 158 (1, 2). ApoE is unique among lipoproteins in that it is involved in the recovery response of injured nerve tissue (3). In the brain, ApoE is synthesized by astrocytes and secreted into the extracellular space, where it then binds to cholesterol. There it is taken up by neurons via various ApoE receptors and incorporated into cell membrane structures and myelin (4, 5). The metabolism of cholesterol is believed to play a major role in neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis (1-3), processes that are critical to neurodevelopment. Although the APOE4 isoform has been demonstrated to be an important risk factor for neurodegeneration, the role of ApoE genetic variants in neurodevelopment is also becoming increasingly apparent (6 -8).In conjunction with our understanding of the role of cholesterol and ApoE in neurodevelopment is an increasing recognition that genetic factors that alter the host response to environmental toxins may be particularly important during critical developmental windows that occur during fetal life (9, 10). Because cholesterol and fatty acids are critical to brain development, genetic factors that regulate their metabolism may influence development independently or may serve as modifiers of the response to maternal diet or maternal exposure to Received November 8, 2002; accepted May 26, 2003

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Predicts 24-Month Bayley Scales Infant Development Score

et al. 2003

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“…The possibility that they exert a complex effect by interacting with different steroidal hormone receptors at different levels, with as-yet unknown biochemical and physiological consequences, requires further investigation 20 .…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such time periods (during which the reproductive system's development is more susceptible to transformations, including those produced by xenobiotics) have been well characterized in the scientific literature 20,21,22 .…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

2007

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DDT is a persistent insecticide that was widely used in the world from the 1940s until the 70s, when it was banned in the United States and other countries. Most of its toxic effects are not observed in the acute forms, but particularly after chronic exposure. These long-term issues include reproductive effects, varying according to the time of life in which the individuals were exposed. The aims of the current study were to review the principal toxicological effects of DDT on reproduction, stratifying by physiological periods of exposure, and based on the magnitude of these effects, to discuss the cost-benefit relationship of reintroducing DDT with the specifically defined vector control criteria.

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“…Regarding timing, studies show low SES across periods of childhood and adulthood conferred greatest risk, with women experiencing peri-menopause and menopause 1.2 and 1.7 years earlier, respectively, than their high SES counterparts [26,33]. It remains unclear, however, whether it is the longer period of exposure that is important or whether there are sensitive developmental periods when exposures may be more impactful [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Notably, because the ovarian follicle pool is established in utero, exposures during this time may be especially relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is in utero exposure to maternal socioeconomic disadvantage related to offspring ovarian reserve in adulthood?

Bleil

English

Valle

et al. 2018

womens midlife health

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Background: Because the ovarian follicle pool is established in utero, adverse exposures during this period may be especially impactful on the size and health of the initial follicle endowment, potentially shaping trajectories of ovarian follicle loss and the eventual onset of menopause. Building on a robust literature linking socioeconomic status (SES) and menopausal timing, the current study examined adverse prenatal exposures related to maternal SES, hypothesizing that greater maternal socioeconomic disadvantage would be associated with lower ovarian reserve in the adult offspring. Methods: In a healthy, community-based sub-sample (n = 350) of reproductive age participants in the OVA Study (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), prenatal maternal SES was examined in relation to two biomarkers of ovarian reserve, antimullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC). Prenatal maternal SES was assessed indirectly using maternal addresses abstracted from participant birth certificates, geocoded, and linked to US Census-derived variables, including neighborhood-level characteristics: education (% of individuals with a HS diploma); poverty (% of families below the poverty line); unemployment (% of individuals > 16 years who are unemployed); and income (median family income). Results: In separate covariate-adjusted linear regression models (following the backward elimination of main effects with P > .10), greater maternal neighborhood education was related to higher ovarian reserve as marked by higher levels of offspring AMH (beta = .142, P < .001) and AFC (beta = .092, P < .10) with models accounting for 19.6% and 21. 5% of the variance in AMH and AFC, respectively. In addition, greater maternal neighborhood poverty was related to lower ovarian reserve as marked by lower offspring AMH (beta = −.144, P < .01), with the model accounting for 19.5% of the variance in AMH. Conclusions: Maternal socioeconomic disadvantage measured indirectly at the neighborhood level was associated with lower ovarian reserve among the adult offspring, independently of offspring SES and other potential confounding factors. This suggests SES-related adversity exposures may have a detrimental impact on the size or health of the initial follicle endowment, leading to accelerated follicle loss over time.

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Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: reproductive health in children and adolescents work group summary.

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Predicts 24-Month Bayley Scales Infant Development Score

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Predicts 24-Month Bayley Scales Infant Development Score

DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health

Is in utero exposure to maternal socioeconomic disadvantage related to offspring ovarian reserve in adulthood?

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