World Stress Map Database as a Resource for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Zang, Arno; Stephansson, Ove; Heidbach, Oliver; Janouschkowetz, Silke

doi:10.1007/s10706-012-9505-6

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Competent layers, e.g. from the Malm and Muschelkalk, alternate with weaker layers with high clay content such as Dogger and Keuper and result in a sudden deviation of the stresses from a linear trend across these layers (Warpinski, 1989;Hergert et al, 2015;Cornet and Röckel, 2012;Gunzburger and Cornet, 2007;Zang et al, 2012). Moreover, the density of stress magnitude data records is, in general, up to 2 magnitudes lower than that of the orientation data ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Alternatively, leak-off tests (LOTs), which rely on a cheaper Hergert et al (2015), d Lama and Vutukuri (1978), e Koch and Clauser (2006) and faster method, are more frequently used for the estimation of S h min . They provide information on the break-down pressure of the tested formation, which is then used as an approximation for the S h min magnitude (Haimson and Fairhurst, 1969;Bell, 1990;Zang et al, 2012). Further information on the S h min magnitude can be derived from a formation integrity test (FIT).…”

Section: Stress Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S v magnitude can be derived from the vertical-density distribution. In contrast to this, the horizontal stress magnitudes originate from geological history and ongoing tectonic evolution and cannot be determined directly from rock properties (Brown and Hoek, 1978;Zang et al, 2012;Zang and Stephansson, 2010). Furthermore, the increase of horizontal stress magnitude with depth is often described with a linear gradient, which is only justified when rock strength and density do not change significantly with depth (Brudy et al, 1997;Lund and Zoback, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi-stage 3-D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin

Ziegler

Heidbach

Reinecker³

et al. 2016

Solid Earth

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Abstract. The knowledge of the contemporary in situ stress state is a key issue for safe and sustainable subsurface engineering. However, information on the orientation and magnitudes of the stress state is limited and often not available for the areas of interest. Therefore 3-D geomechanicalnumerical modelling is used to estimate the in situ stress state and the distance of faults from failure for application in subsurface engineering. The main challenge in this approach is to bridge the gap in scale between the widely scattered data used for calibration of the model and the high resolution in the target area required for the application. We present a multi-stage 3-D geomechanical-numerical approach which provides a state-of-the-art model of the stress field for a reservoir-scale area from widely scattered data records. Therefore, we first use a large-scale regional model which is calibrated by available stress data and provides the full 3-D stress tensor at discrete points in the entire model volume. The modelled stress state is used subsequently for the calibration of a smaller-scale model located within the large-scale model in an area without any observed stress data records. We exemplify this approach with two-stages for the area around Munich in the German Molasse Basin. As an example of application, we estimate the scalar values for slip tendency and fracture potential from the model results as measures for the criticality of fault reactivation in the reservoir-scale model. The modelling results show that variations due to uncertainties in the input data are mainly introduced by the uncertain material properties and missing S H max magnitude estimates needed for a more reliable model calibration. This leads to the conclusion that at this stage the model's reliability depends only on the amount and quality of available stress information rather than on the modelling technique itself or on local details of the model geometry. Any improvements in modelling and increases in model reliability can only be achieved using more high-quality data for calibration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Stress Magnitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi-stage 3-D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin

Ziegler

Heidbach

Reinecker³

et al. 2016

Solid Earth

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“…The magnitude of minimum horizontal stress (S h ) in the normal and strike-slip faulting regimes can be measured using the mentioned methods. Measurement of the maximum horizontal stress (S H ) using the mentioned methods is not directly possible (Zoback 2010) and is required to use theoretical and empirical relationships to estimate S H based on S h and S v values (Binh et al 2011;Zang et al 2012). Also, other than being expensive and time-consuming, these tests cannot provide continuous horizontal stress profiles (Song and Hareland 2012;Sone and Zoback 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 in order to improve its results. Tectonic stress is described by many investigators as one of the main reasons for the observed differences between calculated and measured horizontal stresses at different depths (Blanton and Olson 1999;Brown and Hoek 1978;Fjaer et al 2008;Zang et al 2012;Zang and Stephansson 2008). Therefore, by adding the tectonic stress term, Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of minimum and maximum stress profiles using wellbore failure evidences: a case study—a deep oil well in the southwest of Iran

Molaghab

Taherynia

Aghda

et al. 2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The main objective of this paper is estimating the horizontal stresses and calibration of the log-derived horizontal stress profiles in deep oil wells according to their wall failure evidences, including both compressive (breakouts) and tensile failures (drilling-induced tensile fractures). Estimation of the horizontal stress profiles using well logs is one of the standard methods in the oil industry. Another method for estimating horizontal stresses is analyzing failure evidences in the wellbore wall. By integrating these two methods, a practical strategy was followed in this research to determine the horizontal stress profiles. By this strategy, minimum and maximum horizontal stress profiles are determined in such a way that the stress concentration at the wellbore wall at the tensile fracture identified depths, exceeds the formation tensile strength, while at the breakouts identified depths it exceeds the compressive strength of the formation. An advantage of this procedure is that does not require to measure in situ stresses. Also, due to the presence of a large number of breakouts and the induced fractures detected in different zones of a deep wellbore, log-derived stress profile calibration is done using the stress state in different zones that causes to increase the accuracy and reliability of the obtained horizontal stress profile. The proposed solution was applied to determine the horizontal stress profiles in a deep oil well in the southwest of Iran as a real case.

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Estimation of the differential stress from the stress rotation angle in low permeable rock

Ziegler

Heidbach

Zang

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Rotations of the principal stress axes are observed as a result of fluid injection into reservoirs. We use a generic, fully coupled 3‐D thermo‐hydro‐mechanical model to investigate systematically the dependence of this stress rotation on different reservoir properties and injection scenarios. We find that permeability, injection rate, and initial differential stress are the key factors, while other reservoir properties only play a negligible role. In particular, we find that thermal effects do not significantly contribute to stress rotations. For reservoir types with usual differential stress and reservoir treatment the occurrence of significant stress rotations is limited to reservoirs with a permeability of less than approximately 10−12 m2. Higher permeability effectively prevents stress rotations to occur. Thus, according to these general findings, the observed principal stress axes rotation can be used as a proxy of the initial differential stress provided that rock permeability and fluid injection rate are known a priori.

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World Stress Map Database as a Resource for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Cited by 49 publications

References 83 publications

A multi-stage 3-D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin

A multi-stage 3-D stress field modelling approach exemplified in the Bavarian Molasse Basin

Determination of minimum and maximum stress profiles using wellbore failure evidences: a case study—a deep oil well in the southwest of Iran

Estimation of the differential stress from the stress rotation angle in low permeable rock

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