“…First, the relation is framed by a set of official rhetoric such as historical friendship, non-interference, and mutual respect, which positions China as an exceptional player compared with traditional western powers (Alden & Large, 2011). Second, diverse economic actors from China are actively involved in the cooperation, ranging from SOEs to private businesses to individual expatriates and migrants (Breslin, 2013;Fei, 2017). The use of expatriates, often considered as a unique Chinese strategy, has invited much scholarly debate about local employment practices and labour relations (Fei & Liao, 2019;Lee, 2018).…”