Worldwide effects of non‐native species on species–area relationships

Guo, Qinfeng; Cen, Xiaoyu; Song, Ruiyan; McKinney, Michael L.; Wang, Deli

doi:10.1111/cobi.13573

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…salt spray, wave action and storms). Positive relationships between species richness and island area are among the most commonly observed patterns in nature and can be generated by a variety of processes (Arrhenius, 1921; Baiser & Li, 2018; Guo et al, 2020; Rosenzweig, 1995; Turner & Tjørve, 2005). Larger islands are more likely to intercept randomly dispersing propagules (Gilpin & Diamond, 1976; Lomolino, 1990; McGuinness, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale‐dependency, which refers to when ecological patterns and processes vary with spatial scale, is pervasive in ecology (Fung et al, 2019; Powell, Chase, Knight, Relationships, Powell et al, 2013; Swenson et al, 2006; Wiens, 1989) and has been extensively explored in island biogeography. Studies typically focus on the effect of spatial scale on species–area relationships (Guo et al, 2020; Lomolino & Weiser, 2001; Tjørve & Tjørve, 2017), with a few also accounting for other island characteristics (Giladi et al, 2014; Menegotto et al, 2020; Schrader et al, 2020). The processes responsible for scale‐dependent variation in species–area relationships are also poorly understood (Turner & Tjørve, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Similar yet distinct distributional patterns characterize native and exotic plant species richness across northern New Zealand islands

Mologni

Bellingham

Tjørve

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim A better understanding of plant invasions on islands can be gained from comparing patterns of exotic and native species richness. We asked four questions: (1) Is exotic species richness on islands related to native species richness? (2) If they are related, does this result from similar responses of native and exotic species to specific island characteristics? (3) Is residual variation in native‐exotic richness relationships associated with distinctive island characteristics? (4) Are relationships between species richness and island characteristics scale‐dependent, and do they differ between native and exotic species? Location Northern New Zealand. Taxon Vascular plants. Methods We conducted field surveys and augmented our field data with previously published surveys to quantify the number of native and exotic plant species on 264 islands. We then explored the relationship of species richness and several island characteristics (e.g. area and isolation) using multiple and iterative regression techniques. Results Seventy‐two percent of among‐island variation in exotic species richness was positively related to native species richness. Both native and exotic richness increased with island area and declined with isolation and exposure to ocean‐borne disturbances (a proxy for salt spray, wave action, etc). However, exotic species responded more strongly to these three variables. Exotic richness also decreased with latitude and the distance from the nearest urban area, but native species did not. Island area was a better predictor of species richness on larger islands, whereas isolation and exposure were better predictors on smaller islands. Scale‐dependent relationships between species richness and island characteristics were stronger for exotic species. Main Conclusions Insular distribution patterns of native and exotic plant species richness are governed by similar biogeographic principles. However, in New Zealand, exotic species exhibited subtle, yet distinctive, invasion patterns preferring larger, less isolated, less exposed islands that were located at higher latitudes and closer to urban areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar yet distinct distributional patterns characterize native and exotic plant species richness across northern New Zealand islands

Mologni

Bellingham

Tjørve

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Here, I compared the distributional patterns of native and exotic species to better understand plant invasions on islands. Trends in species richness were broadly similar in native and exotic species, in contrast with other studies (Long et al 2009, Blackburn et al 2016, Moser et al 2018, Rojas-Sandoval et al 2020, Guo et al 2021). However, several differences emerged at a more detailed analysis.…”

Section: Comparing Native and Exotic Speciescontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…Exotic and native species often show different distributional patterns on islands (Moser et al 2018, Rojas-Sandoval et al 2020, Guo et al 2021, Mologni et al 2021. Here, discrepancies between the species richness of exotic and native species hinged on functional traits.…”

Section: Differences With Native Speciesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Island biogeography of plants and humans

Mologni¹

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<p>Islands have always attracted considerable research effort due to their unique geography and biota. However, the biogeography of islands still presents substantial challenges. For instance, islands often sustain high rates of plant invasions. The distributional patterning of exotic species on islands though is still poorly understood. Additionally, while species vary strongly in their life histories, plant traits have been rarely integrated with the investigation of the island biogeography of plant species. Islands are also commonly struck by storms and strong winds of oceanic origin, yet how ocean-borne disturbances affect island plant communities is unclear. Finally, in the last 50 years, researchers investigated the insular distribution of virtually every known taxon, but very little is known about variation in human population sizes on islands. The goal of this thesis is to investigate these understudied aspects within the theory of island biogeography framework in vascular plant species and humans. To better understand plant invasions on islands, I compared the relationships between native and exotic species richness and island characteristics on 264 islands offshore Northern New Zealand. Native and exotic species displayed broadly similar biogeographical patterns; however, exotic species exhibited subtle, yet distinctive, invasion patterns. Trends in species richness were also scale-dependent, and increasingly for exotic species. Second, I integrated plant life-history traits within the theory of island biogeography framework to investigate how exotic species with different traits relate to island characteristics on 264 islands offshore Northern New Zealand. Exotic species with traits associated with high invasion rates (i.e. high island occupancy rates) were more similar to native species both in occupancy and in relationships with island characteristics. Moreover, they were less commonly associated with human-related variables. 6 Third, I assessed how distributional patterns of native and exotic plant species varied depending on different levels of ocean-borne disturbances on 97 small New Zealand islands. Overall results show that both native richness and composition varied with different levels of disturbance. In striking contrast, distributional patterns of exotic species remained unchanged. Differences between natives and exotics might reflect a lack of coastal specialists in the exotic species pool. Lastly, I explored relationships between human population sizes and island characteristics on 10 archipelagos worldwide, for a total of 486 islands. Overall results showed that, just like other animals, human distributions are associated to island characteristics. However, relationships between human population sizes and island characteristics varied markedly among archipelagos, often reflecting specific social, political and historical circumstances. This thesis combines with a growing body of research on plant invasions on islands. It provides a fresh perspective on the subject by assessing previously overlooked aspects of the invasion process, such as the scale-dependency of the relationships between exotic species richness and island characteristics. Additionally, it integrated a trait-based approach within the theory of island biogeography framework. It also provided a test of how species of different biogeographic origins respond to varying levels of ocean-borne disturbances. Lastly, this work includes what is, to my knowledge, the first global test of the island biogeography of humans.</p>

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“…Non-native species invasions have emerged as a major global environmental and economic issue (Liu et al, 2017;Xiong et al, 2018;Ju et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2020) and are one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss worldwide (Guo et al, 2020). Therefore, studying non-native species, including potential invasives, is important for understanding their local diversity and distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Ecological Effects on the Patterns of Non-native Plant Distributions on Hainan Island

et al. 2022

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Non-native plants spread to recipient areas via natural or human-mediated modes of dispersal, and, if the non-native species are invasive, introduction potentially causes impacts on native plants and local ecosystems as well as economic losses. Therefore, we studied the diversity and distributional patterns of non-native plant species diversity in the tropical island province of Hainan, China and its relationships with environmental and socioeconomic factors by generating a checklist of species and subsequently performing an analysis of phylogenetic diversity. To generate the checklist, we began with the available, relevant literature representing 19 administrative units of Hainan and determined the casual, naturalized, or invasive status of each species by conducting field surveys within 14 administrative units. We found that non-native plants of Hainan comprise 77 casual species, 42 naturalized species, and 63 invasive species. Moreover, we found that non-native plant species had diverse origins from North and South America, Africa, and Asia and that the most common species across administrative areas belong to the plant families Asteraceae and Fabaceae. Moreover, the numbers of non-native species distributed in the areas of Hainan bording the coast arer greater than those within interior areas of the province. Among the coastal areas, Haikou has the highest species richness and, simultaneously, the highest values for significantly, positively correlated predictor variables, population and GDP (R2 = 0.60, P < 0.01; R2 = 0.64, P < 0.01, respectively). In contrast, the landlocked administrative units of Tunchang and Ding’an have the smallest number of non-native species, while their populations are less than a quarter of that of Haikou and their GDP less than one tenth. Among natural environmental variables, we determined that the number of non-native species had the strongest correlation with the minimum temperature in the coldest month, which predicts a smaller number of non-native species. Additionally, non-native species are primarily distributed in urban and rural built-up areas and agricultural areas; areas that are dominated by human activities. Overall, our study provides a working checklist of the non-native plants of Hainan as well as a theoretical framework and reference for the control of invasive plants of the province.

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Worldwide effects of non‐native species on species–area relationships

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Similar yet distinct distributional patterns characterize native and exotic plant species richness across northern New Zealand islands

Similar yet distinct distributional patterns characterize native and exotic plant species richness across northern New Zealand islands

Island biogeography of plants and humans

Socio-Ecological Effects on the Patterns of Non-native Plant Distributions on Hainan Island

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