Worldwide estimates of incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2021

Abstract

AimsWe aimed to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years and provide worldwide incidence estimates for 2021. MethodsWe used MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies reporting type 2 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents published between Jan 2000 and April 2021. We used a negative binomial regression model to develop a prediction equation to estimate incidence rates from country characteristics. We applied the resulting incidence predictions to country population data to estimate numbers of incident cases in children and adolescents by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) region and World Bank income classification group. ResultsWe estimate that there are approximately 41,600 new cases of diagnosed type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents in 2021 worldwide. Around 30% and 40% of the worldwide total incident cases are in IDF Western Pacific region and in World Bank upper-middleincome countries, respectively. The three countries with the highest estimated number of incident cases are China, India, and United States of America. ConclusionsThe number of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is substantial.More reliable data are needed to track the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.4

Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in Germany from 2002 to 2020: A study based on electronic health record data from the DPV registry

“…Classification of our results regarding type 2 diabetes based on comparisons with other studies is limited due to a small number of studies reporting on type 2 diabetes in adolescence 2 . In addition, sometimes large methodological differences prevent a meaningful comparison (e.g., estimates not stratified by age groups 9,10 ).…”

“…Worldwide, 1.5 million children and adolescents under 20 years of age have type 1 diabetes 1 . In addition, there is currently an unknown number of children with type 2 diabetes and other types of diabetes because of the paucity of studies reporting on these diabetes types in adolescence 2 . Observations from Western countries suggest an increase in the prevalence rates of type 1 diabetes 3–9 and type 2 diabetes, 7,8 and these rates vary in different population groups.…”

Common chronic conditions in pediatric primary care

“…It is estimated that nearly 41,600 new type 2 diabetes cases among people under 20 years are diagnosed every year worldwide. 39 Most children of European origin and some of Arab-origin suffer from type 1 diabetes while in other pediatric cases, type 2 diabetes was the predominant phenotype. 37 Over 30% and 40% of total annual incidences of the latter type are reported from countries in the Western Pacific region and World Bank upper middle-income nations, respectively.…”

“…37 Over 30% and 40% of total annual incidences of the latter type are reported from countries in the Western Pacific region and World Bank upper middle-income nations, respectively. 39 China, India and United States of America are estimated to have the highest incidence rates for type 2 diabetes. 39 Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, with the current hypotheses alluding to a wide variety of pathologic, environmental, and psychosocial triggers.…”

“…39 China, India and United States of America are estimated to have the highest incidence rates for type 2 diabetes. 39 Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, with the current hypotheses alluding to a wide variety of pathologic, environmental, and psychosocial triggers. 40 The destruction of beta cells in type 1 phenotype results in nearly complete insulin deficiency and thus, diabetes.…”