Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Khorshidvand, Zohreh; Khazaei, Salman; Amiri, Mohammad Reza; Taherkhani, H; Mirzaei, Asad

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104615

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In a similar study on Blastocystis , a zoonotic intestinal agent, a weighted frequency of 9% was obtained in cancer patients. 67 This higher prevalence in such a susceptible group compared with Giardia infection may be justified by the fact that Blastocystis is recognized as the most common parasitic agent reported in human faecal samples. 68–70 Also, Kalantari et al 71 reported that there is a positive association between Cryptosporidium infection and cancer (OR 3.3 [95% CI 2.18 to 4.98]), consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mahdavi

Sadrebazzaz

Chahardehi

et al. 2021

International Health

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Background Application of chemotherapeutics in cancer patients may provide an immunosuppressive milieu, favourable for parasitic infections. Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic intestinal parasite responsible for diarrhoea in humans worldwide. Methods The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of G. duodenalis and respective odds ratios (ORs) in cancer patients around the globe. Four online databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar—were carefully explored for relevant literature without time limitation until 28 November 2020. Meta-analysis was done based on a random effects model to pool the estimations and define 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The overall weighted prevalence of G. duodenalis infection in cancer patients was calculated to be 6.9% (95% CI 0.5 to 9.3) globally, based on data from 32 studies. Although not statistically significant, eight case–control studies revealed that cancer patients were 1.24 times (95% CI 0.66 to 2.31; p=0.501) more exposed to G. duodenalis infection than healthy controls. Moreover, the prevalence of infection was not significantly associated with quantitative variables, including publication year (regression coefficient −0.0135, p=0.578), sample size (regression coefficient −0.0007, p=0.074) and human development index (regression coefficient −1.6263, p=0.419). Also, subgroup analysis of the pooled G. duodenalis infection was performed for publication year, World Health Organization regions, countries, continents, cancer types and country income. Conclusions Altogether, the epidemiology of G. duodenalis infection and its associated risk factors in immunocompromised individuals, especially cancer patients, is still open to question and deserves comprehensive investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mahdavi

Sadrebazzaz

Chahardehi

et al. 2021

International Health

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“…The epidemiology of giardiosis, cryptosporidiosis, and blastocystosis in African countries is poorly understood [17][18][19][20]. Prevalence estimations have been frequently based on low-sensitive (e.g., microscopy) methods, were restricted to certain populations and geographical areas or are in need of update.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Blastocystis sp. in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Schoolchildren in Zambézia Province (Mozambique)

Muadica¹,

Köster²,

Dashti³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Infections by the protist enteroparasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and, to a much lesser extent, Blastocystis sp. are common causes of childhood diarrhoea in low-income countries. This molecular epidemiological study assesses the frequency and molecular diversity of these pathogens in faecal samples from asymptomatic schoolchildren (n = 807) and symptomatic children seeking medical attention (n = 286) in Zambézia province, Mozambique. Detection and molecular characterisation of pathogens was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods coupled with Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent enteric parasite found [41.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 38.8‒44.7%], followed by Blastocystis sp. (14.1%, 95% CI: 12.1‒16.3%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.9‒2.5%). Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (7.0%, 3/43) and B (88.4%, 38/43) within G. duodenalis-positive children. Four Cryptosporidium species were detected, including C. hominis (30.8%; 4/13), C. parvum (30.8%, 4/13), C. felis (30.8%, 4/13), and C. viatorum (7.6%, 1/13). Four Blastocystis subtypes were also identified including ST1 (22.7%; 35/154), ST2 (22.7%; 35/154), ST3 (45.5%; 70/154), and ST4 (9.1%; 14/154). Most of the genotyped samples were from asymptomatic children. This is the first report of C. viatorum and Blastocystis ST4 in Mozambique. Molecular data indicate that anthropic and zoonotic transmission (the latter at an unknown rate) are important spread pathways of diarrhoea-causing pathogens in Mozambique.

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“…varies between countries and between communities in each country [6]. It is considered that the prevalence of this parasitism ranges between 30% and 60% in low-and middle-income countries located in the tropical belt of the planet and between 5% and 20% in the rest [6][7][8]. cutaneous manifestations, particularly urticaria, has been increasingly reported in the international literature [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystosis and Urticaria: An Overview from a Syndemic Perspective

Fonte Galindo,

Aleaga Santiesteban,

Ginori Gilke

et al. 2023

Arch Gastroenterol Res

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Numerous studies have found an association between infection by some species of intestinal parasites and the development of urticarial lesions. In this document we have commented on the published findings that show the association between infection by Blastocystis spp. and urticaria, and on the theorizations in relation to the mechanisms that would explain it. Due to sharing risk factors and transmission ways, there is a marked geographic coincidence among intestinal parasitic infections. In fact, polyparasitism is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean where infections by protozoa and intestinal helminths are endemic. This argument, among others, suggest that the epidemiological and healthcare approach to urticaria associated with infection by Blastocystis spp. should be done from a syndemic approach that takes into account the ways in which social environments contribute to intestinal parasite infections clustering, the pathways through which those infections could interact biologically in each individual influencing the development and evolution of urticarial lesions, and the ways in which those interactions complicate diagnosis and treatment.

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Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 63 publications

Global epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Global epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Molecular Diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Blastocystis sp. in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Schoolchildren in Zambézia Province (Mozambique)

Blastocystosis and Urticaria: An Overview from a Syndemic Perspective

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