Worldwide prevalence of hypertension

Kearney, Patricia M.; Whelton, Megan; Reynolds, Kristi; Whelton, Paul K.; He, Jiang

doi:10.1097/00004872-200401000-00003

Cited by 1,020 publications

(823 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Hypertension (as well as diabetes and dyslipidemia) is a major problem in Asia Pacific regions, including China, and high blood pressure is poorly controlled (12,13). In a study conducted in Leicestershire, United Kingdom (14), involving 5789 consecutive patients admitted with HF, admission rates for HF were higher among South Asian patients than white patients.…”

Section: The South Asian Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure update: Heart failure in ethnic minority populations, heart failure and pregnancy, disease management, and quality improvement/assurance programs

Howlett¹,

McKelvie²,

Costigan³

et al. 2010

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

100

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Section: The South Asian Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure update: Heart failure in ethnic minority populations, heart failure and pregnancy, disease management, and quality improvement/assurance programs

Howlett¹,

McKelvie²,

Costigan³

et al. 2010

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

100

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“…1,2 This condition is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, encephalic vascular accident and renal insufficiency. 3 The risk factors for hypertension are associated with many other factors, including lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment

et al. 2011

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We investigated the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) treatment and physical exercise on arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in volunteer patients with hypertension. A total of 54 sedentary volunteers were divided into three groups: normotensive (NT Group), hypertensive (HT Group) and HT volunteers treated with ACEi (ACEi Group). All volunteers underwent an aerobic physical-training protocol for 15 weeks. HRV was investigated using a spectral analysis of a time series of R-R interval (RRi) that was obtained in a supine position and during a tilt test. Physical training promoted a significant reduction in the mean arterial pressure of the HT group (113 ± 3 vs. 106 ± 1 mm Hg) and the ACEi group (104 ± 2 vs. Keywords: aerobic physical training; angiotensin; heart rate variability INTRODUCTION Hypertension is highly prevalent in the adult population and represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 1,2 This condition is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, encephalic vascular accident and renal insufficiency. 3 The risk factors for hypertension are associated with many other factors, including lifestyle. 4 The excessive ingestion of salt and alcohol, obesity, smoking and sedentariness represent the main behavioral factors that contribute to the occurrence and development of hypertension. 5 The treatment of hypertension consists mainly of a pharmacological approach, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) are an important class of medications. 6 ACEis reduce arterial pressure (AP) by decreasing the peripheral vascular resistance, and they reduce cardiac hypertrophy and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. 7-9 Additionally, ACEis have an important role in cardiac autonomic control. Some studies have shown that ACEi treatment of hypertension in experimental animals and humans improves baroreflex

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“…Further research should focusIntroduction Most European studies have consistently shown lower blood pressure (BP) levels in women than in men. [1][2][3][4] This sex difference in BP in populations of European descent appears during adolescence and persists up to the age of 60 years. 3,5 The mechanisms underlying the sex difference in BP are not well understood, but sex hormones have been suggested as a possible cause.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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It is unclear whether the sex difference that is known to occur in blood pressure (BP) is similar in some South Asian populations. This study presents a meta-analysis of the sex difference in BP, hypertension and the role of body mass index (BMI) in South Asian diaspora compared with populations of European descent. We systematically searched for studies that reported BP and hypertension among South Asian descent populations living in Europe and North America. Weighted mean differences in BP and risk ratios (RR) for hypertension were calculated for men and women. We included 11 studies in this meta-analysis. In general, men had a higher BP and prevalence of hypertension than women, for example, systolic BP was higher in men than in women among the Indian (7.21 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.46-9.95) and European populations (6.12 mm Hg, 95% CI: 4.45-7.80). The difference was less in the Pakistani population (4.00 mm Hg, 95% CI: 2.65-5.36). The Bangladeshi population showed a comparatively small sex difference in systolic (2.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 1.20-4.66) and diastolic BP (0.68 mm Hg, 95% CI: À1.76 to 3.12) and prevalence of hypertension (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.66-2.46). Sex differences in BMI for the South Asian populations were greater than those in Europeans. The Indian population had similar sex differences in BP and hypertension compared with Europeans, but Pakistani and Bangladeshi had smaller sex differences. Sex differences in BMI might relate to the blunted sex differences in BP in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations. Further research should focus on factors that underlie this intriguing sex difference among South Asian populations.

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Worldwide prevalence of hypertension

Cited by 1,020 publications

References 51 publications

The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure update: Heart failure in ethnic minority populations, heart failure and pregnancy, disease management, and quality improvement/assurance programs

The 2010 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure update: Heart failure in ethnic minority populations, heart failure and pregnancy, disease management, and quality improvement/assurance programs

Physical exercise improves cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients independently of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment

Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

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