Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: An analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries

Olds, Tim; Tomkinson, Grant R.; Léger, L; Cazorla, Georges

doi:10.1080/02640410500432193

Cited by 203 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In light of this evidence, it is of great concern that in recent decades, CRF appears to have declined in children and adolescents worldwide (Catley & Tomkinson, 2013; Garber, Sajuria, & Lobelo, 2014). These trends have been observed against a background of increased, decreased, or stable body mass index (BMI) within the same populations (Olds, Tomkinson, Leger, & Cazorla, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle‐run test in a population‐based sample of school‐aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study

Ramírez‐Vélez

Palacios-López

Prieto-Benavides

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesOur aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio‐metabolic risk.MethodsA total of 7244 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (55.7% girls; age range of 9–17.9 years) participated in this study. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak). Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. In addition, we present the prevalence of low CRF after applying a correction factor to account for the impact of Bogota's altitude (2625 m over sea level) on CRF assessment, and we calculated the number of participants who fell below health‐related FITNESSGRAM cut‐points for low CRF.ResultsShuttles and V˙O2peak were higher in boys than in girls in all age groups. In boys, there were higher levels of performance with increasing age, with most gains between the ages of 13 and 17. The proportion of subjects with a low CRF, suggestive of future cardio‐metabolic risk (health risk FITNESSGRAM category) was 31.5% (28.2% for boys and 34.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). After applying a 1.11 altitude correction factor, the overall prevalence of low CRF was 11.5% (9.6% for boys and 13.1% for girls; X2 P = .001).ConclusionsOur results provide sex‐ and age‐specific normative reference standards for the 20 m shuttle‐run test and estimated V˙O2peak values in a large, population‐based sample of schoolchildren from a large Latin‐American city at high altitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle‐run test in a population‐based sample of school‐aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study

Ramírez‐Vélez

Palacios-López

Prieto-Benavides

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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“…HR max was assessed with the widely used 20 m shuttle run test (SRT) [18]. All participants were familiar with testing procedures as they had already performed such a test at least once in the past.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating maximal heart rate with the ‘220-age’ formula in adolescent female volleyball players: a preliminary study

Nikolaidis¹,

Padulo²,

Chtourou³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Although maximal heart rate (HR max ) is used widely to assess exercise intensity in training, there are limited data with regards to the validity of age-based prediction equations of HR max in volleyball players. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the measured-HR max of two prediction equations (Fox-HR max = 220 − age and Tanaka-HR max = 208 − 0.7 × age) in young female volleyball players. Methods. The study involved 47 volleyball players (age 13.39 ± 2.01 years, body mass 54.0 ± 10.8 kg, height 162.7 ± 10.2 cm) who performed a graded exercise field test (20 m shuttle run endurance test) to assess HR max . Measured-HR max values were compared with the Fox and Tanaka prediction equations. Results. The results showed that mean scores for HR max significantly differed between measured and predicted values (p < 0.001, ŋ 2 = 0.49). Post-hoc tests revealed that Fox-HR max overestimated measured-HR max (mean difference 5.7 bpm; 95% CI [3.0, 8.5]), whereas Tanaka-HR max was similar to measured-HR max (-2.2 bpm; 95% CI [-4.9, 0.4]). HR max did not correlate with age (r = 0.16, p = 0.291). Conclusions. The results of this study failed to validate the widely used '220−age' formula in volleyball players. Coaches and fitness trainers should take into account that the overestimation of HR max by the Fox equation might lead to prescribing exercise at a higher intensity than what is targeted. Therefore, the Tanaka equation appears to offer a more accurate prediction equation of HR max than the Fox equation in young female volleyball players.

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“…Olds, Tomkinson, Léger, and Cazorla (2006) investigated the worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents. They described a wide and significant global variability in their performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European athletes dominate performances in Double Iron ultra‐triathlons – A retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2010

Rüst

Knechtle²,

Knechtle³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Sport Science

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We investigated the participation and performance trends of ultra-endurance triathletes from all nationalities competing in a Double Iron ultra-triathlon (7.6-km swim, 360-km cycle and 84.4-km run) from 1985 to 2010. A total of 1854 athletes participated in 92 Double Iron ultra-triathlons. The majority of the winners came from Europe with 72 victories, followed by North America with 17 victories. The race time for the European ultra-triathletes was 1340 (s=95.3) min, decreasing highly significantly (r 2=0.28; P<0.0001) across the years. North American ultra-triathletes finished the races within 1556 (s=124.5) min; their race time showed no changes across the years (r 2=0.045; P=0.07). The race time for the Europeans was highly significantly faster compared to the North Americans (P<0.0001). Future studies should investigate each country in Europe and North America in order to find the country with the largest participation of athletes and their best performance. AbstractWe investigated the participation and performance trends of ultra-endurance triathletes from all nationalities competing in a Double Iron ultra-triathlon ( Future studies should investigate each country in Europe and North America in order to find the country with the largest participation of athletes and their best performance.

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Worldwide variation in the performance of children and adolescents: An analysis of 109 studies of the 20-m shuttle run test in 37 countries

Cited by 203 publications

References 33 publications

Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle‐run test in a population‐based sample of school‐aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study

Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle‐run test in a population‐based sample of school‐aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study

Estimating maximal heart rate with the ‘220-age’ formula in adolescent female volleyball players: a preliminary study

European athletes dominate performances in Double Iron ultra‐triathlons – A retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2010

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