Worms need microbes too: microbiota, health and aging in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

Cabreiro, Filipe; Gems, David

doi:10.1002/emmm.201100972

Cited by 186 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Metformin has been shown to influence the metabolite production of gut bacteria and nutrition absorption, affecting energy homeostasis [22,23] . In addition, metformin increases blood levels of GLP-1, an insulin sensitizing hormone, by promoting its secretion through a gut bacteria-related mechanism [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin exerts glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice via attenuating endotoxemia and enhancing insulin signaling

et al. 2016

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Aim: Accumulating evidence shows that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from gut gram-negative bacteria can be absorbed, leading to endotoxemia that triggers systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In this study we examined whether metformin attenuated endotoxemia, thus improving insulin signaling in high-fat diet fed mice. Methods: Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks to induce insulin resistance. One group of the mice was treated with oral metformin (100 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 4 weeks. Another group was treated with LPS (50 μg·kg -1 ·d -1 , sc) for 5 days followed by the oral metformin for 10 d. Other two groups received a combination of antibiotics for 7 d or a combination of antibiotics for 7 d followed by the oral metformin for 4 weeks, respectively. Glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in liver and muscle were evaluated, the abundance of gut bacteria, gut permeability and serum LPS levels were measured. Results: In high-fat fed mice, metformin restored the tight junction protein occludin-1 levels in gut, reversed the elevated gut permeability and serum LPS levels, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Akkermansia muciniphila. Metformin also increased PKB Ser473 and AMPK T172 phosphorylation, decreased MDA contents and redox-sensitive PTEN protein levels, activated the anti-oxidative Nrf2 system, and increased IκBα in liver and muscle of the mice. Treatment with exogenous LPS abolished the beneficial effects of metformin on glucose metabolism, insulin signaling and oxidative stress in liver and muscle of the mice. Treatment with antibiotics alone produced similar effects as metformin did. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of antibiotics were addictive to those of metformin. Conclusion: Metformin administration attenuates endotoxemia and enhances insulin signaling in high-fat fed mice, which contributes to its anti-diabetic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin exerts glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice via attenuating endotoxemia and enhancing insulin signaling

et al. 2016

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“…Although some microbes are parasites that can cause disease, many others lie on the spectrum between commensalism and mutualism and may significantly influence their hosts' nutrition (Dethlefsen et al, 2007), development (Bates et al, 2006) and disease resistance (Macpherson and Harris, 2004;Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011). The use of model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the house mouse Mus musculus and the zebrafish Danio rerio has facilitated understanding of the mechanisms by which certain biological functions of the hosts are modulated by their microbiota (Rawls et al, 2004;Turnbaugh et al, 2006;Cabreiro and Gems 2013;Erkosar et al, 2013). As interest in environmental genomics emerges, the roles of microbiota in the ecology and evolution of an increasing number of non-model organisms are being investigated, revealing a high diversity in the types of effects observed (Fraune and Bosch, 2010;Engel et al, 2012;Koch and Schmid-Hempel, 2011;Brucker and Bordenstein, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

2014

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Microbiota have diverse roles in the functioning of their hosts; experiments using model organisms have enabled investigations into these functions. In the model crustacean Daphnia, little knowledge exists about the effect of microbiota on host well being. We assessed the effect of microbiota on Daphnia magna by experimentally depriving animals of their microbiota and comparing their growth, survival and fecundity to that of their bacteria-bearing counterparts. We tested Daphnia coming from both lab-reared parthenogenetic eggs of a single genotype and from genetically diverse field-collected resting eggs. We showed that bacteria-free hosts are smaller, less fecund and have higher mortality than those with microbiota. We also manipulated the association by exposing bacteria-free Daphnia to a single bacterial strain of Aeromonas sp., and to laboratory environmental bacteria. These experiments further demonstrated that the Daphnia-microbiota system is amenable to manipulation under various experimental conditions. The results of this study have implications for studies of D. magna in ecotoxicology, ecology and environmental genomics.

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“…In this study, the worm was used as a simple in vivo defence response model. This model has been accepted as an alternative, efficient host model that resembles other animal models and has been used to study evolutionarily conserved aspects of innate immunity [45]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo defensive effect of probiotic LAB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Caenorhabditis elegans model

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to investigate in vitro and in vivo the probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Korean traditional fermented foods. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used for analytical assays of fertility, chemotaxis, life-span, worm-killing and bacterial colonization in the intestinal lumen of the worm. All 35 strains of LAB reduced fertility and slowed development in the worms. The worm-killing assay showed that LAB significantly increased the lifespan (P < 0.05) and reduced the susceptibility to virulent PA14; however, the heat-killed LAB did not. The bacterial colonization assay revealed that LAB proliferated and protected the gut of the worm against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. In addition, specific LAB Pediococcus acidilactici(P. acidilactici DM-9), Pediococcus brevis (L. brevis SDL1411), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus SDL1409) strains showed acid resistance (66–91%), resistance to pepsin (64–67%) and viability in simulated intestinal fluid (67–73%) based on in vitro probiotic analyses. Taken together, these results suggest that C. elegans may be a tractable model for screening efficient probiotics.

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Worms need microbes too: microbiota, health and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 186 publications

References 98 publications

Metformin exerts glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice via attenuating endotoxemia and enhancing insulin signaling

Metformin exerts glucose-lowering action in high-fat fed mice via attenuating endotoxemia and enhancing insulin signaling

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

In vitro and in vivo defensive effect of probiotic LAB against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Caenorhabditis elegans model

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