Wound Ballistics of Unstable Projectiles. Part II

Peters, C.; Sebourn, Charles L.

doi:10.1097/00005373-199603001-00003

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To study the cavity expansion process, ballistic gelatin, hereinafter referred to as gelatin, is widely used in ballistic experiments as soft tissue surrogates, [6][7][8][9] which have shown that penetrators can produce approximately the same temporary cavity in the 10 wt% gelatin at 4°C (or 20 wt% gelatin at 10°C) as that in the biological muscle targets. Previous studies have established some empirical formula to calculate the maximum size of the temporary cavity, 3,8,[10][11][12] which are incapable of describing the dynamic expansion process of the cavities. Our previous work published in Liu et al 9 modeled the expansion-contraction process of temporary cavity produced by spherical penetrators fired into gelatin targets, by introducing a key parameter, P S , which is the work needed to open unit volume of cavity with ideal shape (spherical or cylindrical) in the target quasi-statically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

Liu¹,

Yang

Huang³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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To investigate the expansion mechanism of the temporary cavity produced by high-speed penetrators into ballistic gelatin, a dynamic spherical-cavity-expansion model for gelatin targets was proposed with consideration of the outer boundary size. The theoretical solution of the cavity radial stress was obtained and the energy conversion and conservation relation during the cavity expansion process was established. The influence of the finite boundary to the solutions of the cavity radial stress and the deformation energy in the medium was analyzed. The energy conversion and conservation relation was applied to penetration process of high-speed penetrators into soft targets and regarded as the temporary cavity expansion model. This model is a nonlinear first order differential equation about the cavity radius, which can be solved numerically to obtain the variation of temporary cavity volume with time. Experimental results of high-speed penetrators (bullets and fragment simulating projectile with different shapes) penetrating into ballistic gelatin were analyzed. Temporary cavity results of rhombic fragment simulating projectiles were used to estimate the parameters in the model. Then, model predictions were compared with the temporary cavity results of bullets, spheres and cylinders to verify the reliability of the model. It was found that: (1) if the ratio of the cavity radius to the initial target boundary radius exceeds 0.62, the error caused by ignoring the boundary size effect will exceed 10%; (2) Model predictions for temporary cavity volume of penetration produced by various penetrators are shown to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

Liu¹,

Yang

Huang³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…It has been recognized that a very important factor effecting biological tissue injury by high-velocity projectile was temporary cavity effect [1][2][3][4]. In this paper, temporary cavity is taken as the research object, and the main influence factors effecting temporary cavity are investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Influencing Factors Effecting Temporary Cavity Caused by a High Speed Steel Ball when Penetrating into Gelatin

Zeng

Zhou

et al. 2012

AMR

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To investigate the wounding effects in human on the basis of the similarity theory, by taking the temporary cavity as the research object, through the analysis on the forming of cavity and its physical process, main influencing factors effecting temporary cavity are obtained, which can provide a good theoretical basis for similarity research in wounding ballistics in the future, and the killing effect of the high speed steel ball is more deeply described.

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“…Steven established a model calculating the maximum depths of steel spheres penetrating gelatin considering the strain-rate characteristic [6]. Peters set up a resistance model on the base of revised Bernoulli equation exploring the process of projectiles translating in gelatin [7]. Eisler obtained the resultant forces and moment of projectiles by line integral of normal pressure applied on each line element which is assumed to be a function of velocity [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Force Analysis of Spheres Penetrating Gelatin Based on Surface Integral

Liu

2011

AMM

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A new method based on surface integral is presented in the research of mechanical mechanism of spheres penetrating gelatin. On the assumption that each wetted area element is applied with dynamic force perpendicular to the surface, frictional force parallel to the surface and material resistance which is a constant, the resultant force applied on spheres was integrated containing three unknown coefficients. Transparent gelatin was used in the experiments and steel spheres were fired at speed around 800m/s. High speed cameras got the position data of the penetrating spheres. The uncertain coefficients in the movement equations were determined with these data. The equations were solved in analytical forms. Experiments show that the coefficients are constant for spheres with different radiuses. Calculation results demonstrate that the mechanical model is good to predict the movement of spheres in gelatin.

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Wound Ballistics of Unstable Projectiles. Part II

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

Modeling of temporary cavity in ballistic gelatin based on spherical cavity expansion model

Study on the Influencing Factors Effecting Temporary Cavity Caused by a High Speed Steel Ball when Penetrating into Gelatin

Drag Force Analysis of Spheres Penetrating Gelatin Based on Surface Integral

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