Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen

Abstract

We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure to the fish proteins.

Evaluation of the biological tolerability of the starch-based medical device 4DryField® PH in vitro and in vivo a rat model

“…Despite improved technologies of screening, transferal of diseases can still not be ruled out completely. Mammalian-based products can be the basis of allergy and immunologic reaction 20 and transient granulomatous inflammation of variable intensity. 17,21 Degradation times of 3-4 weeks and longer for collagen-and gelatin-based haemostats implies the patients' metabolism being faced with foreign proteins for a substantial period of time.…”

Polymers in Wound Repair

“…These biomaterials are processed in many ways to achieve natural-based wound dressings, templates for delivery of bioactive agents and scaffolds to support cellular growth. Fibrin-like haemostatic materials are useful for cleaning and treatment of full-thickness skin lesions [45], keratin-based matrices showed potential as chronic wound dressings because of their interaction with the proteolytic wound environment to facilitate the healing process [46], SF-containing films and sponges are being extensively investigated in animal models for both superficial and full-thickness skin defects healing [47][48][49], whereas electrospun nanofibres made entirely from a globular BSA are intended for suturing and acceleration of wound closure wound [50].…”

Application of laser scan microscopy in vivo for wound healing characterization

“…With many historical findings and achievements in wound healing being based on empirical clinical experience, there are increased efforts to analyze the biological and pathophysiologic processes of wound healing and to make the finding so obtained usable for the development of new methods of treatment [7,8]. However, the basic requirement for an exact study is that the wound healing process is precisely represented on a cellular level.…”