Wound Healing Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Cutaneous Wounds in Hairless Mice <i>via</i> Immune-Redox Modulation

Abstract

Acidic electrolyzed water is an innovative sanitizer having a wide-spectrum of applications in food industry, and healthcare industry but little is known on its effect and mechanism in wound healing. The study was conducted to identify the effect and mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on cutaneous wounds in hairless mice. SAEW (pH: 5-6.5, oxidation reduction potential: 800 mV, chlorine concentration: 25 ppm) was prepared through electrolysis of water and was applied to the wounds of hairless mice three times a day for seven days. Wound size, immune response and oxidative stress were explored and compared to conventional agents such as Betadine and alcohol. We found that SAEW-treated group showed the highest wound reduction percentage ( p<0.01). Antioxidant activities such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities of SAEW group surpassed the total reactive oxygen species in skin. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor were upregulated in SAEW group. Further, SAEW recruited the production of intracellular calcium and promoted its utilization for faster healing. In line, SAEW treatment decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and tumor necrosis factor-α] in serum. Other hallmarks of wound healing, matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP)1 and MMP9 were also upregulated. Collectively, our study indicates that SAEW is effective in wound healing of hairless mice via immune-redox modulation, and heals better/faster than conventional agents.Key words slightly acidic electrolyzed water; wound healing; oxidative stress; immune response Skin injuries, such as cutaneous wounds, need to undergo a complex mechanism to repair the damage. Wound healing is comprised of four sequential but overlapping stages; homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, strongly regulated with the goal of restoring the integrity of the skin.

Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water Modulates the Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi

“…Low levels of intestinal TNF-α expression were similar in mice that given free access to tap water as drinking water to those that were given free access to acid electrolyzed functional water as drinking water [22]. More recently, You's group (2017) observed that treatment with slightly electrolyzed acidic water in cutaneous wounds in hairless mice decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant and TNF-α [37].…”

Decontamination effect of neutral electrolysed water for spray nozzles of electric warm-water bidet toilet seats in the healthcare setting

“…Electrolysed water has long been used to disinfect the environment in medical and nursing care facilities [ 9 ]. Its use in the areas of wound care and food hygiene has also been increasing in recent years [ [10] , [11] , [12] ]. Free chlorine contained in electrolysed water is a disinfectant with established safety in humans, and it is used for disinfection of drinking water (Japanese water quality standard: residual free chlorine of ≥0.1 mg/L), public baths, and swimming pools [ 13 , 14 ].…”

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“…Defined by the WHO, an antiseptic is a disinfecting substance that when applied to the surface destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms in living tissues without causing harmful effects. To this group of antiseptics correspond the electrolyzed super-oxidized solutions (SOS) [34][35][36][37][38] .…”