Wound healing grafts: Omega‐3 fatty acid lipid content differentiates the lipid profiles of acellular Atlantic cod skin from traditional dermal substitutes

Abstract

Acellular fish skin (ACS) has emerged as a dermal substitute used to promote wound healing with decreased scar formation and pain relief that may be due to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. However, the PUFA content of ACS is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the total fatty acids and lipid profiles of ACS to two bovine‐based grafts and standard of care human cadaver skin (HCS). Furthermore, there was also the goal to assess the capability of ACS lipid content to enhance wound healing. The fatty acid analysis was performed with GC–FID, and an LC–MS untargeted method was developed in order to the analyse the lipid profiles of the grafts was. The enhancement of wound healing by the ACS extract was investigated in vitro on HaCat cells. Our results showed that ACS had the highest content of PUFA (27.0 ± 1.43% of their total fatty acids), followed by HCS (20.6 ± 3.9%). The two grafts of bovine origin presented insignificant PUFA amounts. The majority of the PUFAs found in ACS were omega‐3, and in HCS, they were omega‐6. The untargeted lipidomics analysis demonstrated that ACS grafts were characterized by phosphatidylcholine containing either 20:5 or 22:6 omega‐3 PUFA. The ACS lipid extract increased the HaCat cells migration and enhanced wound closure 4 hr earlier versus control. Our study demonstrated that ACS has a lipid profile that is distinct from other wound healing grafts, that PUFAs are maintained in ACS post‐processing as phosphatidylcholine, and that ACS lipid content influences wound healing properties.

Cerebrospinal Fluid C18 Ceramide Associates with Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammation at the Pre- and Early Stages of Dementia

“…C18 SM (d18:1/18:0) and C18 ceramide (d18:1/18:0) were run alongside samples for reference as both SMs and ceramides have consistently been associated with AD [ 54 ]. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) lipidomic analysis was carried out as described in Kotronoulas et al [ 55 ]. The analytical instrumentation used was an ACQUITY UPLC system (UPLC ACQUITY, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA) coupled to a traveling-wave ion mobility (IMS) qTOF mass spectrometer (Synapt G2 HDMS, Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK).…”

Lipid mediator profile of burn wound healing: Acellular cod fish skin grafts promote the formation of EPA and DHA derived lipid mediators during the first seven days

“…Based on our previous observations, [19] both EPA and DHA of the FSG lipid content are principally part of phosphatidylcholines and hence these alterations indicate the enzymatic release of ω3-FA by phospholipases, allowing secretion and further metabolism within the wound.…”

“…[18] In a recent study, our group demonstrated that FSG is particularly rich in phosphatidylcholines that contain EPA or DHA and that this differentiates FSG from other skin grafting materials. [19] Thus, it has been postulated that the use of ω3-FA enriched scaffold biomaterials can be an effective way to topically deliver ω3-FA to wounds and enhance the healing processes via resolution of inflammation. The goal of the present study was to explore whether the FSG derived ω3-FA can alter the formation of lipid mediators during burn wound healing, as opposed to other grafts of mammalian origin that are not rich in ω3-FA.…”

Altered Glutamine Metabolism Exposes EMT Derived Mesenchymal Cells to PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Inhibition

“…Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) (Acquity, Waters, Manchester, UK) was coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (Synapt G2, Waters, Manchester, UK). For the lipid samples, chromatographic separation was achieved as previously described [19].…”

“…Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) (Acquity, Waters, Manchester, UK) was coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (Synapt G2, Waters, Manchester, UK). For the lipid samples, chromatographic separation was achieved as previously described [19]. For the metabolomic samples, chromatographic separation was achieved by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) using an Acquity amide column, 1.7 µm pooled QC samples to equilibrate the system; calibrators; samples and spiked pooled QC samples; calibrators.…”