Wound Infection due to Vibrio vulnificus in Spain

Torres, Luís; Escobar, S.; López, Ana Isabel; Marco, Maria L.; Pobo, V.

doi:10.1007/s10096-002-0767-4

Cited by 48 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…V. vulnificus infections have been reported in diverse climate zones throughout the world (Table 1) including Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Spain, Turkey, Holland, Belgium, Israel, Italy, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Australia, and Brazil (Oliver et al, 1983; Dalsgaard et al, 1996; Bisharat et al, 1999; Torres et al, 2002; Oliver, 2006a,b, 2013; Patridge et al, 2009; Huehn et al, 2014; Karunasagar, 2014). This bacterium is commonly found in seafood samples with studies having reported that 3.5–8% of seafood samples in Europe, 2.4% of shrimp from Southeast Asia, 75% of freshly harvested oysters in India and 100% of oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico during warm months (May to October) contained V. vulnificus (Jones, 2014).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Vibrio Vulnificusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden

Heng

Letchumanan

Deng³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

141

130

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Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae. It is a deadly, opportunistic human pathogen which is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated deaths worldwide. V. vulnificus infection can be fatal as it may cause severe wound infections potentially requiring amputation or lead to sepsis in susceptible individuals. Treatment is increasingly challenging as V. vulnificus has begun to develop resistance against certain antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use. This article aims to provide insight into the antibiotic resistance of V. vulnificus in different parts of the world as well as an overall review of its clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Understanding the organism's antibiotic resistance profile is vital in order to select appropriate treatment and initiate appropriate prevention measures to treat and control V. vulnificus infections, which should eventually help lower the mortality rate associated with this pathogen worldwide.

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Section: Occurrence Of Vibrio Vulnificusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden

Heng

Letchumanan

Deng³

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

141

130

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“…Mortality rates can reach as high as 50%, with extreme morbidity among survivors, including amputations, surgical tissue debridement, and long hospital stays (1)(2)(3). Although the disease remains rare, the incidence of V. vulnificus is rising because of global warming (6,7) and the geographical area impacted by V. vulnificus in the water and food supply is expanding (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 3 Multifunctional Autoprocessing RTX Toxin Is an Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Essential for Virulence in Mice

et al. 2014

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Vibrio vulnificus is an environmental organism that causes both food-borne and wound infections with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The annual incidence and global distribution of infections associated with this pathogen are increasing with climate change. In the late 1990s, an outbreak of tilapia-associated wound infections in Israel was linked to a previously unrecognized variant of V. vulnificus designated biotype 3. The sudden emergence and clonality of the outbreak suggest that this strain may be a true newly emergent pathogen with novel virulence properties compared to those of other V. vulnificus strains. In a subcutaneous infection model to mimic wound infection, the multifunctional autoprocessing RTX (MARTX) toxin of biotype 3 strains was shown to be an essential virulence factor contributing to highly inflammatory skin wounds with severe damage affecting every tissue layer. We conducted a sequencing-based analysis of the MARTX toxin and found that biotype 3 MARTX toxin has an effector domain structure distinct from that of either biotype 1 or biotype 2. Of the two new domains identified, a domain similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY was shown to confer adenylate cyclase activity on the MARTX toxin. This is the first demonstration that the biotype 3 MARTX toxin is essential for virulence and that the ExoY-like MARTX effector domain is a catalytically active adenylate cyclase.

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“…It erupted due to changes in fish marketing policies where tilapia fish were sold live in freshwater instead of dead and packed in ice (Bisharat and Raz, 1996). Had this not occurred, the emergence of biotype 3 may have gone undetected, causing only sporadic cases as occurred in some European countries (Melhus et al, 1995;Dalsgaard et al, 1996;Garcia Cuevas et al, 1998;Horre et al, 1998;Torres et al, 2002;Mitra, 2004;Frank et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, the vast majority of human disease has been reported from USA and Southeast Asia due to dietary habits of eating raw or undercooked seafood (Tacket et al, 1984;Klontz et al, 1988;Park et al, 1991;Chuang et al, 1992;Kumamoto and Vukich, 1998;Chiang and Chuang, 2003;Matsumoto et al, 2010). Reports from other parts of the world have been largely sporadic and typically due to wound infection (Bock et al, 1994;Melhus et al, 1995;Dalsgaard et al, 1996;Horre et al, 1998;Torres et al, 2002;Frank et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomic analysis of clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates revealed biotype 3 evolutionary relationships

Bisharat¹

2016

Preprint

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In 1996 a common-source outbreak of severe soft tissue and bloodstream infections erupted among Israeli fish farmers and fish consumers due to changes in fish marketing policies. The causative pathogen was a new strain of Vibrio vulnificus, named biotype 3, which displayed a unique biochemical and genotypic profile. Initial observations suggested that the pathogen erupted as a result of genetic recombination between two distinct populations. We applied a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach using several V. vulnificus strains from Israel in order to study the pan genome of V. vulnificus and determine the phylogenetic relationship of biotype 3 with existing populations. The core genome of V. vulnificus based on 16 draft and complete genomes consisted of 3068 genes, representing between 59 and 78% of the whole genome of 16 strains. The accessory genome varied in size from 781 to 2044 kbp. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole, core, and accessory genomes displayed similar clustering patterns with two main clusters, clinical (C) and environmental (E), all biotype 3 strains formed a distinct group within the E cluster. Annotation of accessory genomic regions found in biotype 3 strains and absent from the core genome yielded 1732 genes, of which the vast majority encoded hypothetical proteins, phage-related proteins, and mobile element proteins. A total of 1916 proteins (including 713 hypothetical proteins) were present in all human pathogenic strains (both biotype 3 and non-biotype 3) and absent from the environmental strains. Clustering analysis of the non-hypothetical proteins revealed 148 protein clusters shared by all human pathogenic strains; these included transcriptional regulators, arylsulfatases, methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, acetyltransferases, GGDEF family proteins, transposases, type IV secretory system (T4SS) proteins, and integrases. Our study showed that V. vulnificus biotype 3 evolved from environmental populations and formed a genetically distinct group within the E-cluster. The unique epidemiological circumstances facilitated disease outbreak and brought this genotype to the attention of the scientific community.

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Wound Infection due to Vibrio vulnificus in Spain

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden

Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden

Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 3 Multifunctional Autoprocessing RTX Toxin Is an Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Essential for Virulence in Mice

Comparative genomic analysis of clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates revealed biotype 3 evolutionary relationships

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