Wrinkle Detection Using Hessian Line Tracking

Abstract

Wrinkles play an important role in the face-based analysis. They have been widely used in applications, such as facial retouching, facial expression recognition, and face age estimation. Although a few techniques for a wrinkle analysis have been explored in the literature, poor detection limits the accuracy and reliability of wrinkle segmentation. Therefore, an automated wrinkle detection method is crucial to maintain consistency and reduce human error. In this paper, we propose Hessian line tracking (HLT) to overcome the detection problem. HLT is composed of Hessian seeding and directional line tracking. It is an extension of a Hessian filter; however, it significantly increases the accuracy of wrinkle localization when compared with existing methods. In the experimental phase, three coders were instructed to annotate wrinkles manually. To assess the manual annotation, both intrareliability and interreliability were measured, with an accuracy of 94% or above. The experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of tracking hidden pixels; thus, it increases connectivity of detection between wrinkles, allowing some fine wrinkles to be detected. In comparison to the state-of-the-art methods such as the Cula Method, Frangi Filter, and Hybrid Hessian Filter, the proposed HLT yields better results, with an accuracy of 84%. This paper demonstrates that the HLT is a remarkably strong detector of forehead wrinkles in 2-D images.INDEX TERMS Wrinkle detection, Hessian filter, line tracking, Bosphorus dataset, Jaccard similarity index.

Evaluation of Automatic Facial Wrinkle Detection Algorithms

“…Originally, JSI was introduced by Paul Jaccard [24]. In 2015, Ng et al [4,6] used JSI to evaluate the performance of their wrinkle detection methods. The JSI was calculated by using equation (9).…”

ANN Classifier for Human Age Classification

“…3.1.3 Wrinkle Analysis: In this paper, novel target approach is proposed which utilizes the wrinkles present in the ordinary skin and wrinkling of skin because of water developing. This is a short skin condition where the skin on the palms or feet ends up being wrinkly [9]. Wrinkles are found on imperative part in the face-based examination.…”

Analyzing Wrinkle Depth Using Curve Fitting Algorithm

“…Quantitative evaluation of skin condition has been a region of extreme action. There is an incredible enthusiasm for supplementing the dermatologist's indicative visual evaluation of skin with target measures [1]. These methods are likewise important for the productive advancement of viable pharmaceutical medications.…”

“…By extricating the key focuses, we will utilize them for finding objects inside the option pictures. [3] By and large, Object identification has applications in a few regions of tablet vision, and picture taking and video surveillance [1]. Very much explored areas of protest recognition grasp confront location and person on foot identification.…”

“…WRINKLE DETECTION The wrinkle is a little wrinkle or wrinkle in the skin, particularly of the face, caused by maturing [1] or look [2]. In 2D skin pictures, the way toward wrinkling frequently makes profound wrinkles and causes arch in the encompassing skin.…”