Wrinkle‐like slip pulse on a fault between different materials

Andrews, D. J.; Ben‐Zion, Yehuda

doi:10.1029/96jb02856

Cited by 384 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cochard and Rice (2000) showed that the model which Andrews and Ben-Zion used, with constant friction coe cient, would not give numerical convergence with grid reÿnement, due to the ill-posedness discussed. Cochard and Rice (2000) also showed that a reformulation of the problem using the regularized friction law of Ranjith and Rice (2001) did lead to convergent solutions with properties somewhat like those suggested by Andrews and Ben-Zion (1997). Extensive further studies along those lines, using the same regularized friction law, are reported by Ben-Zion (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Andrews and Ben-Zion (1997) reported numerical simulations of highly unstable slip pulses along interfaces between dissimilar materials that were shear-loaded below the friction threshold. Cochard and Rice (2000) showed that the model which Andrews and Ben-Zion used, with constant friction coe cient, would not give numerical convergence with grid reÿnement, due to the ill-posedness discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate and state dependent friction and the stability of sliding between elastically deformable solids

Rice

Lapusta

Ranjith

2001

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

574

622

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We study the stability of steady sliding between elastically deformable continua using rate and state dependent friction laws. That is done for both elastically identical and elastically dissimilar solids. The focus is on linearized response to perturbations of steady-state sliding, and on studying how the positive direct e ect (instantaneous increase or decrease of shear strength in response to a respective instantaneous increase or decrease of slip rate) of those laws allows the existence of a quasi-static range of response to perturbations at su ciently low slip rate. We discuss the physical basis of rate and state laws, including the likely basis for the direct e ect in thermally activated processes allowing creep slippage at asperity contacts, and estimate activation parameters for quartzite and granite. Also, a class of rate and state laws suitable for variable normal stress is presented. As part of the work, we show that compromises from the rate and state framework for describing velocity-weakening friction lead to paradoxical results, like supersonic propagation of slip perturbations, or to ill-posedness, when applied to sliding between elastically deformable solids. The case of sliding between elastically dissimilar solids has the inherently destabilizing feature that spatially inhomogeneous slip leads to an alteration of normal stress, hence of frictional resistance. We show that the rate and state friction laws nevertheless lead to stability of response to su ciently short wavelength perturbations, at very slow slip rates. Further, for slow sliding between dissimilar solids, we show that there is a critical amplitude of velocity-strengthening above which there is stability to perturbations of all wavelengths. ?

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate and state dependent friction and the stability of sliding between elastically deformable solids

Rice

Lapusta

Ranjith

2001

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

574

622

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[3] Andrews and Ben-Zion [1997] demonstrated through numerical simulations that these asymmetries can lead to emergence of a self-sustaining slip pulse (the ''wrinkle pulse'') propagating unilaterally in the positive direction, as proposed by Weertman [1980]. Those simulations were for a simplified model in which the friction coefficient never weakens at or following the onset of sliding, so the asymmetrical wrinkle pulse dominates the dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Rupture at the interface between solids of contrasting elastic compliance has been the subject of extensive theoretical and numerical studies [e.g., Weertman, 1980;Adams, 1995;Andrews and Ben-Zion, 1997;Harris and Day, 1997;Cochard and Rice, 2000;Ranjith and Rice, 2001;Ma and Beroza, 2008;Ampuero and Ben-Zion, 2008], as well as scale-model experiments [Xia et al, 2005]. In a propagating mode II rupture, the compliance contrast induces a normal stress perturbation proportional to the slip gradient [Weertman, 1980], which can be large near the rupture front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric rupture of large aspect‐ratio faults at bimaterial interface in 3D

Dalguer¹,

Day²

2009

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Normal stress perturbations accompany propagating mode II rupture along an interface separating materials of contrasting elastic compliance. The extent to which those perturbations may produce significant, observable rupture asymmetries (i.e., final slip distribution heavily weighted toward a preferred propagation direction) in earthquakes is uncertain, but previous numerical simulations predict such asymmetry when frictional resistance is velocity dependent, with sufficient post-rupture re-strengthening to produce pulse-like rupture. We show, by numerical simulations in 3D, that purely geometrical effects leading to pulse-like rupture can also induce strong asymmetries (and under very limited conditions can even evolve into strictly unilateral rupture), even when frictional rate dependence is neglected. The effect is studied here in a context that can only apply to strike-slip earthquakes large enough to rupture the entire seismogenic thickness, but the results suggest that other geometrical effects leading to pulse-like rupture will interact with a compliance contrast in a similar manner.

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“…We focus on these structural components because they contain information on likely properties of past and future earthquake ruptures and associated ground motion (e.g. Andrews & Ben-Zion 1997;Dor et al 2006Dor et al , 2008Brietzke et al 2009;Shlomai & Fineberg 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone at Blackburn Saddle from seismic data of a linear array

Ben‐Zion

Ross

et al. 2017

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YLocal and teleseismic earthquake waveforms recorded by a 180-m-long linear array (BB) with seven seismometers crossing the Clark fault of the San Jacinto fault zone northwest of Anza are used to image a deep bimaterial interface and core damage structure of the fault. Delay times of P waves across the array indicate an increase in slowness from the southwest most (BB01) to the northeast most (BB07) station. Automatic algorithms combined with visual inspection and additional analyses are used to identify local events generating fault zone head and trapped waves. The observed fault zone head waves imply that the Clark fault in the area is a sharp bimaterial interface, with lower seismic velocity on the southwest side. The moveout between the head and direct P arrivals for events within ∼40 km epicentral distance indicates an average velocity contrast across the fault over that section and the top 20 km of 3.2 per cent. A constant moveout for events beyond ∼40 km to the southeast is due to off-fault locations of these events or because the imaged deep bimaterial interface is discontinuous or ends at that distance. The lack of head waves from events beyond ∼20 km to the northwest is associated with structural complexity near the Hemet stepover. Events located in a broad region generate fault zone trapped waves at stations BB04-BB07. Waveform inversions indicate that the most likely parameters of the trapping structure are width of ∼200 m, S velocity reduction of 30-40 per cent with respect to the bounding blocks, Q value of 10-20 and depth of ∼3.5 km. The trapping structure and zone with largest slowness are on the northeast side of the fault. The observed sense of velocity contrast and asymmetric damage across the fault suggest preferred rupture direction of earthquakes to the northwest. This inference is consistent with results of other geological and seismological studies.

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Wrinkle‐like slip pulse on a fault between different materials

Cited by 384 publications

References 31 publications

Rate and state dependent friction and the stability of sliding between elastically deformable solids

Rate and state dependent friction and the stability of sliding between elastically deformable solids

Asymmetric rupture of large aspect‐ratio faults at bimaterial interface in 3D

Internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone at Blackburn Saddle from seismic data of a linear array

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