1993
DOI: 10.1177/028418519303400201
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Wrist Arthrography

Abstract: The ligaments of the proximal row of carpal bones and the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) strongly influence the function and stability of the wrist. Injury to the ligaments may result in chronic wrist pain or instability. Wrist arthrography is valuable in the investigation of such damage when surgical intervention is considered and plain radiography is unrewarding. There are also several technical modifications of the standard radiocarpal arthrography available. Owing to the possibility of congenital perforat… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…Obvious possibilities include free-free emission and Comptonization of photospheric photons by hot (T ≈ 10 9 K) electrons in the shocked gas, sources which have been invoked to explain flux excesses seen in the far ultraviolet (λ < 1500Å) in previous SNe interacting with dense circumstellar environments (e.g., 1979C; Fransson 1982), and even SN 1998S itself later in its evolution (Lentz et al 1998). The amount these processes are predicted to contribute to the total flux spectrum at the optical wavelengths considered here, however, is probably 1% (c.f., Fransson 1982), although a detailed model with conditions specific to SN 1998S has not been done. A more likely contributor may be the wavelength dependence of the continuum absorptive opacity, which increases with wavelength for both bound-free (i.e., the Paschen continuum) and free-free processes through most of the spectral range observed (see, e.g., Eastman et al 1994).…”
Section: Early-time Continuummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Obvious possibilities include free-free emission and Comptonization of photospheric photons by hot (T ≈ 10 9 K) electrons in the shocked gas, sources which have been invoked to explain flux excesses seen in the far ultraviolet (λ < 1500Å) in previous SNe interacting with dense circumstellar environments (e.g., 1979C; Fransson 1982), and even SN 1998S itself later in its evolution (Lentz et al 1998). The amount these processes are predicted to contribute to the total flux spectrum at the optical wavelengths considered here, however, is probably 1% (c.f., Fransson 1982), although a detailed model with conditions specific to SN 1998S has not been done. A more likely contributor may be the wavelength dependence of the continuum absorptive opacity, which increases with wavelength for both bound-free (i.e., the Paschen continuum) and free-free processes through most of the spectral range observed (see, e.g., Eastman et al 1994).…”
Section: Early-time Continuummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The latter model computes the optical luminosity, produced as a result of reprocessing the X-ray radiation from the outer and inner shocks. This model is upgraded here to include the Compton cooling of the post-shock gas (Fransson 1982) and the reprocessing of the X-ray radiation by the wind material as well. The dynamics of the ejecta deceleration in a thin-shell approximation (Chevalier 1982) is solved numerically, which yields the thin-shell radius R s (t ) and its velocity v(t ).…”
Section: T H E I N T E R Ac T I O N a N D L I G H T-c U Rv E M O D E Lmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CC-SNe are classified in two groups according to the absence (SNe Ib/c : Filippenko et al 1993;Dessart et al 2011;Bersten et al 2014;Kuncarayakti et al 2015) or presence (SNe II) of H I lines (Minkowski 1941;Filippenko 1997 and references therein). Additional of the SNe IIP and SNe IIL which are discussed later, SNe II are composed by SNe IIb which evolve spectroscopically from SNe IIP at early time to H I deficient few weeks to a month past maximum (Woosley et al 1987) and SNe IIn which have narrow H I emission lines (Chevalier 1981;Fransson 1982;Schlegel 1990;Chugai & Danziger 1994;Van Dyk et al 2000;Kankare et al 2012;de Jaeger et al 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%