Writing low-loss waveguides in borosilicate (BK7) glass with a low-repetition-rate femtosecond laser

Dharmadhikari, J. A.; Dharmadhikari, A. K.; Bhatnagar, Anuj; Mallik, Arun Kumar; Singh, P. Chandrakanta; Dhaman, Reji K.; Chalapathi, K.; Mathur, D.

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.09.055

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…BaF 2 has also recently found utility as a cross-polarized wave generator [21]. Similarly, the experiments that we report on BK7 glass and fused silica have direct relevance to recent progress achieved in femtosecond laser writing of waveguides embedded within these materials [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Third-order nonlinear optical response in transparent solids using ultrashort laser pulses

et al. 2012

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The third-order optical nonlinearity, χ (3) , is measured in transparent glasses (BK7 and fused silica) and crystals (BaF 2 and quartz) using 36-fs, 800-nm laser pulses and the optical Kerr gate (OKE) technique; values are found to lie in the range 1.3-1.7 × 10 −14 esu, in accordance with theoretical estimates. We probe the purely electronic response to the incident ultrashort laser pulse in fused silica and BK7 glass. In BaF 2 and quartz, apart from the electronic response we also observe contribution from the nuclear response to the incident ultrashort pulses. We observe oscillatory modulations that persist for ∼400 fs. The response of the media (glasses and crystals) to ultrashort pulses is also measured using two-beam self-diffraction; the diffraction efficiency in the first-order grating is measured to be in the range of 0.06-0.13 %. Third harmonic generation due to self-phase matching in the transient grating geometry is measured as a function of temporal delay between the two incident ultrashort pulses, yielding the autocorrelation signal.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Third-order nonlinear optical response in transparent solids using ultrashort laser pulses

et al. 2012

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“…Although not a strict micromachining, permanent modification in the optical index of refraction have been extensively used to create light guiding structures in the bulk of transparent media [110,111]. The relative movement of the laser beam focus inside the material produces a pathway with cross section and index of refraction contrast suitable to guide light as waveguides embedded in the material bulk.…”

Section: D Structures In the Bulk Of Transparent Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort Laser Pulses Machining

Samad¹,

Machado²,

Vieira³

et al. 2012

Laser Pulses - Theory, Technology, and Applications

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“…Two types of writing schemes are typically used in contemporary experiments: (i) longitudinal writing, which results in a circular cross section of the laser-modified region and small length structures because of the limitation imposed by the working distance of a microscope objective and (ii) transverse writing, which yields an elliptical profile of the written structures. By spatially modulating the laser beam with the aid of apertures elliptical cross section can be made nearly circular [2]. Longitudinal writing can be improved by incorporating an axicon lens, which converts a nearGaussian laser beam into a Bessel-like beam that is almost nondiffracting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We characterized the written waveguides by making propagation loss measurements using a procedure recently described elsewhere [2]. In brief, we used an XY micropositioner and a single-mode optical fiber mounted on a XY Zθ x θ y θ z micropositioner in order to couple either 635 or 1550 nm light into the written waveguide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured, in the far field, the numerical aperture (NA) of the guided light and, assuming a step index profile, we deduced the change in refractive index to be Δn 1.1 × 10 −3 for 633 nm light and Δn 0.7 × 10 −3 for 1550 nm. Procedures for determining NA and Δn are described in [2]. To measure coupling losses, the light emerging from the waveguide was collimated with a 20× microscope objective (NA 0.45) onto a power meter.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Axicon-based writing of waveguides in BK7 glass

et al. 2013

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We report on the direct writing of waveguide structures using an axicon lens to focus a 40 fs laser pulse within BK7 glass. The written structures are characterized for waveguiding action: waveguiding action for 635 and 1550 nm light and propagation loss as low as 0.19 dB/cm is measured. Loss values decrease with laser exposure time for incident energy of 300 μJ, indicating enhancement of index contrast. At higher energies, a reverse trend is obtained: higher loss values are obtained as index contrast degrades with an increase in exposure time.

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Writing low-loss waveguides in borosilicate (BK7) glass with a low-repetition-rate femtosecond laser

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Third-order nonlinear optical response in transparent solids using ultrashort laser pulses

Third-order nonlinear optical response in transparent solids using ultrashort laser pulses

Ultrashort Laser Pulses Machining

Axicon-based writing of waveguides in BK7 glass

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