WRKY6 Transcription Factor Restricts Arsenate Uptake and Transposon Activation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Castrillo, Gabriel; Sánchez-Bermejo, Eduardo; Lorenzo, Laura de; Crevillén, Pedro; Fraile-Escanciano, Ana; Mohan, Thotegowdanapalya C.; Mouriz, Alfonso; Catarecha, Pablo; Sobrino-Plata, Juan; Olsson, Sanna; Puerto, Yolanda Leo del; Mateos, Isabel; Rojo, Enrique; Hernández, Luís E.; Jarillo, José A.; Piñeiro, Manuel; Paz‐Ares, Javier; Leyva, Antonio

doi:10.1105/tpc.113.114009

Cited by 181 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…1a,b). As(V) tolerance can be associated with slow As(V) uptake 11,16,17 and correlates with enhanced arsenic accumulation 8,11 . We observed that Col accumulated three times more arsenic than Kas-1 ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, arsenic tolerance is critical for adaptation to specific soils and has determined plant distribution 4,5 ; the molecular mechanisms are analyzed mainly by studying proteins presumably involved in arsenate (As(V)) tolerance based on sequence homology with bacterial and yeast proteins 6,7 . Genetic approaches are little used to study As(V) tolerance mechanisms [8][9][10][11][12] , and the genes implicated in natural intraspecific variation are unknown [13][14][15] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Natural variation in arsenate tolerance identifies an arsenate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2014

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The enormous amount of environmental arsenic was a major factor in determining the biochemistry of incipient life forms early in the Earth's history. The most abundant chemical form in the reducing atmosphere was arsenite, which forced organisms to evolve strategies to manage this chemical species. Following the great oxygenation event, arsenite oxidized to arsenate and the action of arsenate reductases became a central survival requirement. The identity of a biologically relevant arsenate reductase in plants nonetheless continues to be debated. Here we identify a quantitative trait locus that encodes a novel arsenate reductase critical for arsenic tolerance in plants. Functional analyses indicate that several non-additive polymorphisms affect protein structure and account for the natural variation in arsenate reductase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. This study shows that arsenate reductases are an essential component for natural plant variation in As(V) tolerance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural variation in arsenate tolerance identifies an arsenate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2014

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“…Because TEs can change their position within a genome, they are considered important factors associated with genome reorganization and epigenetic changes [73,74]. Furthermore, transposon activity can be influenced by either environmental stress [75,76] or genomic changes, including polyploidy [77]. In polyploids, changes in transposon activity are twofold, with effects on both transcriptional activity and transpositional activity.…”

Section: (E) Transposons and Noveltymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

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et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Nearly four decades ago, Roose & Gottlieb (Roose & Gottlieb 1976 Evolution 30 , 818–830. ( doi:10.2307/2407821 )) showed that the recently derived allotetraploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus combined the allozyme profiles of their diploid parents ( T. dubius and T. porrifolius , and T. dubius and T. pratensis , respectively). This classic paper addressed the link between genotype and biochemical phenotype and documented enzyme additivity in allopolyploids. Perhaps more important than their model of additivity, however, was their demonstration of novelty at the biochemical level. Enzyme multiplicity—the production of novel enzyme forms in the allopolyploids—can provide an extensive array of polymorphism for a polyploid individual and may explain, for example, the expanded ranges of polyploids relative to their diploid progenitors. In this paper, we extend the concept of evolutionary novelty in allopolyploids to a range of genetic and ecological features. We observe that the dynamic nature of polyploid genomes—with alterations in gene content, gene number, gene arrangement, gene expression and transposon activity—may generate sufficient novelty that every individual in a polyploid population or species may be unique. Whereas certain combinations of these features will undoubtedly be maladaptive, some unique combinations of newly generated variation may provide tremendous evolutionary potential and adaptive capabilities.

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“…In response to As(V), expression of the As(V)/Pitransporter gene PHT1;1 is quickly repressed, which provides an efficient strategy for As(V) tolerance (Castrillo et al, 2013). CK acts as a negative regulator of PHT1;1 expression in response to Pi starvation (Martín et al, 2000;Franco-Zorrilla et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ck-deficient Plants Have An Enhanced As(v) Tolerance Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further understand the basis of CK depletion in response to As(V), we compared a transcriptome profile of the As(V) response (Castrillo et al, 2013) with a meta-analysis of CK microarray data (Brenner and Schmülling, 2015). We found that As(V) down-regulates a significant number of genes that are considered CK core-inducible (36 of 65 TOP65CytK), including CK biosynthesis genes and response regulator genes (Table 1; Supplemental Table S1).…”

Section: As(v) Reduces Endogenous Ck Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin determines thiol-mediated arsenic tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2016

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The presence of arsenic in soil and water is a constant threat to plant growth in many regions of the world. Phytohormones act in the integration of growth control and stress response, but their role in plant responses to arsenic remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that arsenate [As(V)], the most prevalent arsenic chemical species in nature, causes severe depletion of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that CK signaling mutants and transgenic plants with reduced endogenous CK levels showed an As(V)-tolerant phenotype. Our data indicate that in CK-depleted plants exposed to As(V), transcript levels of As(V)/phosphate-transporters were similar or even higher than in wild-type plants. In contrast, CK depletion provoked the coordinated activation of As(V) tolerance mechanisms, leading to the accumulation of thiol compounds such as phytochelatins and glutathione, which are essential for arsenic sequestration. Transgenic CK-deficient Arabidopsis and tobacco lines show a marked increase in arsenic accumulation. Our findings indicate that CK is an important regulatory factor in plant adaptation to arsenic stress.Since the inception of life, arsenic in the biosphere has been a constant challenge to the survival of life forms. Although all organisms on earth have developed strategies to cope with this extremely toxic metalloid (Rosen, 2002;Tripathi et al., 2007), arsenic currently poses a major worldwide environmental problem (Naujokas et al., 2013).Arsenate [As(V)] is the most abundant chemical form of arsenic. Due to its structural similarity to phosphate (Pi), it is easily incorporated into plants and other organisms through Pi transporters. Once taken up by the cell, As(V) is rapidly reduced to arsenite [As(III)] by As (V) reductases. As(III) is either extruded from the cytoplasm or is sequestered by phytochelatins (PCs) and other related thiol-containing compounds and is compartmentalized into vacuoles (Tripathi et al., 2007).In plants, when As(V) is perceived, Pi transporters are rapidly downregulated, and thiol compound accumulation increases concomitantly to cope with the metalloid. These two responses are key As(V) tolerance strategies for natural plant populations (Meharg and Macnair 1992;Bleeker et al., 2006). Accumulation of PC and other related thiol-containing compounds is widely used by plants for heavy metal detoxification. PCs are synthesized from glutathione (GSH) by the enzyme PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE1 (PCS1). As(V) induces PCS1, together with two other genes involved in GSH biosynthesis: g-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE and GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSH2; Sung et al., 2009). In addition, As(III) activates GSH and PC accumulation; As(V) reductase activity is thus essential for arsenic tolerance (Bleeker et al., 2006). Arabidopsis thaliana ARSENATE REDUCTASE QTL1 (AtARQ1, At2g21045; also termed HAC1; Chao et al., 2014), an As(V) reductaseencoding gene, is also transcriptionally regulated by As(V) (Sánchez-Bermejo et al., 2014). Arsenic tolerance thus ...

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WRKY6 Transcription Factor Restricts Arsenate Uptake and Transposon Activation in Arabidopsis

Cited by 181 publications

References 57 publications

Natural variation in arsenate tolerance identifies an arsenate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural variation in arsenate tolerance identifies an arsenate reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy

Cytokinin determines thiol-mediated arsenic tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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