“…Another approach, sometimes in unison with the former, but often not, has been to subsidize small-scale fisheries (Squires et al 1998, Allison and Ellis 2001, Kaczynski and Fluharty 2002, Abdallah and Sumaila 2007. A subsidy is broadly defined as a government transfer by which a benefit is conferred (Grynberg 2003, Schrank 2003 and, in addition to direct monetary transfers, may be in the form of research and education. The desired outcomes of this subsidization are generally twofold: to alleviate However, many analysts argue that subsidies too often lead to fleet modernization, increased catches, resource depletion, and ultimately decreased sustainability (Milazzo 1998, Pauly et al 2002, Khan et al 2006, OECD 2006, Jacquet and Pauly 2008.…”