WUI structureparcelcommunity fire hazard mitigation methodology

Maranghides, Alexander; Link, Eric; Hawks, Steven R.; McDougald, Jim; Quarles, Stephen L.; Gorham, Daniel J.; Nazaré, Shonali

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.2205

Cited by 11 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Concepts like defensible space and the home ignition zone educate the public on how to protect their homes. Recently, a fire hazard mitigation methodology has been developed based on the relationships among fuel layout, fire hazard, and structure hardening [16].…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more detailed discussion on implementing guidance based on the relationships among fuel layout, fire hazard, and structure hardening can be found in the recently published NIST report entitled WUI Parcel/Structure/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology (HMM) [16].…”

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scenario was observed during the Camp Fire [14] and resulted in the destruction of the residence, highlighting how fire hazards from a neighboring parcel can impact the adjacent property and result in residential loss. Reproduced from [16], Fig. 10.…”

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Best practices guidance for homeowners -Homeowners Association (HOA) requirements on placement of high fire hazard fences -County or State regulations on the placement of high fire hazard fences -National or international codes and standards More information on these approaches may be found in the HMM report [16].…”

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more detailed recommendations on spacings of combustible elements and hardening of structures and parcels, refer to the WUI Structure/Parcel/Community Fire Hazard Mitigation Methodology report [16].…”

Section: Primary Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind-driven fire spread to a structure from fences and mulch

Butler

2022

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A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of materials, designs, and configurations were studied under various wind conditions. The 187 experiments were split into five categories: mulch only, fence only, fence plus mulch, parallel fences, and long range firebrand experiments. Fence materials included western redcedar, California redwood, pine, vinyl, and wood-plastic composites, and fence styles included privacy, lattice, and good neighbor (board on board). The tested mulch types were shredded hardwood, mini pine bark nuggets, pine straw, rubber, and artificial turf. A wind machine provided a mean wind speed between 6 m/s and 14 m/s (13 mi/h to 31 mi/h). The fence and/or mulch bed was ignited by a propane burner on the ground at the end farthest from the structure. A small structure was located between 0 m and 1.83 m (0 ft to 6 ft) downwind of the fence or mulch bed as a target for flames and firebrands. A target mulch bed at the base of the structure tested the ability of firebrands produced by the burning fence and mulch bed to ignite spot fires that threatened the structure.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hazardous Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind-driven fire spread to a structure from fences and mulch

Butler

2022

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Improved Fire Safety in the Wildland-Urban Interface Through Smart Technologies

Cobian-Iñiguez,

Gollner,

Saha

et al. 2024

Digital Innovations in Architecture, Engineering and Construction

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Assessing wildfire risk to critical infrastructure in central Chile: application to an electrical substation

Severino,

Fuentes,

Valdivia

et al. 2024

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Background Wildfires have caused significant damage in Chile, with critical infrastructure being vulnerable to extreme wildfires. Aim This work describes a methodology for estimating wildfire risk that was applied to an electrical substation in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) of Valparaíso, Chile. Methods Wildfire risk is defined as the product between the probability of a wildfire reaching infrastructure at the WUI and its consequences or impacts. The former is determined with event trees combined with modelled burn probability. Wildfire consequence is considered as the ignition probability of a proxy fuel within the substation, as a function of the incident heat flux using a probit expression derived from experimental data. The heat flux is estimated using modelled fire intensity and geometry and a corresponding view factor from an assumed solid flame. Key results The probability of normal and extreme fires reaching the WUI is of the order of 10−4 and 10−6 events/year, respectively. Total wildfire risk is of the order of 10−5 to 10−4 events/year Conclusions This methodology offers a comprehensive interpretation of wildfire risk that considers both wildfire likelihood and consequences. Implications The methodology is an interesting tool for quantitatively assessing wildfire risk of critical infrastructure and risk mitigation measures.

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WUI structureparcelcommunity fire hazard mitigation methodology

Abstract: NIST policy is to use the International System of Units (SI) in all publications. However, in this document, units are presented in the system prevalent in the relevant discipline, although in some cases more than one system of units may be presented.

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Wind-driven fire spread to a structure from fences and mulch

Wind-driven fire spread to a structure from fences and mulch

Improved Fire Safety in the Wildland-Urban Interface Through Smart Technologies

Assessing wildfire risk to critical infrastructure in central Chile: application to an electrical substation

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