X-band two-stage high-efficiency switched-mode power amplifiers

Microwave class-E power amplifiers

“…[4] and X-band [5][6][7][8][9][10] with GaAs FETs. MMIC class-E PAs are demonstrated in GaAs [5,15], InP [6], GaN [9] and CMOS [11,16]. In [4], a FLK052WG class-E microstrip PA that delivers 0.61W with a compressed gain of 9.8 dB, a drain efficiency of 81%, and a PAE of 72% at 5GHz is integrated in a spatial combining array.…”

“…Anti-resonant slot antennas are used to present the harmonic terminations. Several X-band GaAs class-E PAs are demonstrated with PAE>60%, and an example is shown in Fig.5, where a class-E PA stage is incorporated into a two-stage PA with the first stage also operated in class-E mode, reaching a total PAE=52% with the drain efficiency of the second stage of 62% [6]. Fig.…”

“…Photographs of the output stage only (top right) of a hybrid class-E 10-GHz GaAs PA with PAE=62%, and a two-stage class-E PA with both stages operating close to class-E (bottom). The plots show measured data for the two-stage PA calibrated at the SMA connectors [6].…”

Simulation of Class E Inverter Based Induction Heater Using Simulink

“…INTRODUCTION IN the high-efficiency Class-E power amplifier, the transistor is used as a switch. The resonator L 0 , C 0 is used to block the harmonic frequencies and DC component, forcing the output current I 0 to approximate a sine wave at the fundamental frequency, with harmonic content as discussed in [10]. The radio frequency choke L RF is assumed to be ideal such that it conducts only the DC current.…”

“…The radio frequency choke L RF is assumed to be ideal such that it conducts only the DC current. The current into switch S and capacitor C s must be a DC -offset sine wave, with some harmonic content as discussed in [10]. By appropriately adjusting the amplitude and phase of the load current, a solution is found with zero capacitor charge just prior to turn-on.…”