X-ray absorption and emission

Abstract

To reiterate the point of view expressed in the 1972 review, it is not our intent merely to report everything that has happened; neither is it our intent to itemize every instance of progress (ideally all publications should represent progress but unfortunately they do not because of hasty submission of partly finished work (1) or careless review of manuscripts). Rather, the intent here is to select areas of significant advances in X-ray theory or practice and to attempt to show what these advances consist of. It is our opinion that the significant advances of the past two years have come about by adding together small items of progress rather than by spectacular quantum jumps in instrumentation or techniques.Again to reiterate the caveat lector of the 1972 review, the selection of topics for discussion is unquestionally subjective to some extent, and only future progress will demonstrate whether or not the items covered herein are the most significant. HISTORICAL NOTEA most fascinating look backward at the early history of X-ray spectroscopy is provided by the book, "Moseley and the Numbering of the Elements" by Jaffe (2). The book reads almost like a novel as it traces the story of the people as well as the interlocking events that took place in atomic theory in the early 1900's. It makes the reader appreciate the experimental ingenuity as well as the searching intellects which prevailed during those challenging years following the discovery of X-rays in 1895 until Moseley's experiments in 1913. Contributions by giants such as J.

X‐ray‐induced alteration of specimens as crucial obstacle in XRF spectrometry of fluorine in rocks and soils

“…For this mineral, in an aluminium oxide matrix, prepared as pressed pellet with 10% wax, he reported a detection limit of 200 ppm fluorine based on a measuring time of 2 min. A 1974 review still judges the light elements below Na to be an area of low progress . Sato and co‐workers determined fluorine in steel industry slag using an XRF spectrometer specifically designed to perform analyses in the ultra‐soft X‐ray wavelength region from 0.4 to 7 nm under high vacuum (approximately 1.33∙10 ‐4 Pa) in 1979 .…”

On the 40th anniversary of the journal X‐Ray Spectrometry

“…The names of these reviews are X‐Ray Absorption and Emission and, since 1976, X‐Ray Spectrometry . The authors of these review papers are the known American specialists H. A. Liebhafsky, E. H. Winslow, and H. Pfeiffer (1960 and 1962), W. J. Campbell and J. D. Brown (1964), W. J. Campbell, J. D. Brown, and J. W. Thatcher (1966 and 1968), W. J. Campbell and J. V. Gilfrich (1970), L. S. Birks (1972), and L. S. Birks and J. V. Gilfrich (1974 and 1976) . Figure presents data of the annual number of publications on X‐ray spectral analysis .…”

“…The names of these reviews are X-Ray Absorption and Emission and, since 1976, X-Ray Spectrometry. Birks (1972), and L. S. Birks and J. V. Gilfrich (1974 and. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Figure 1 presents data of the annual number of publications on X-ray spectral analysis.…”

“…Birks (1972), and L. S. Birks and J. V. Gilfrich (1974 and. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Figure 1 presents data of the annual number of publications on X-ray spectral analysis. [10] The total number of papers on X-ray spectral analysis in 1971 (before the publication of the first issue of X-Ray Spectrometry) was about 200.…”

Inorganic and geological materials

“…X-Ray Spectrometry. New developments in X-ray absorption and emission have been reviewed by Birks and Gilfrich (26) in the 1974 Fundamental Reviews; recent books and reviews are listed in an appendix to their references. A review by Jenkins (95) in the MTP Reviews, lists 460 references to recent literature.…”