The nanostructure and the dimension of materials greatly affect their performance and function. It is important to develop synthesis strategies that enable the control of the materials' morphology and structure and further reduce their size. In the present work, we report a novel synthesis approach that utilizes Si nanoparticles for synthesizing ultrafine MnO nanowires. The resulting nanostructure comprises MnO nanowires with a diameter of~5-10 nm embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images clearly reveal the growth mechanism of nanowires. As an anode material for the lithium-ion battery, the nanostructure exhibits excellent charge transfer kinetics and extremely high electrochemical performance, including reversible specific capacities of 285.9 mA h g − 1 at 30 A g − 1 and 757.4 mA h g − 1 at 1 A g − 1 after 1000 cycles. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) confirms that the enhanced performance is related to the increase of the ordering of the O 2 − ions in the MnO structure during the charge/discharge processes. This novel synthesis strategy may inspire studies of other transition-metal-oxide nanomaterials with special orientation to tune their physical chemistry properties.