X-Ray absorption studies of boron–carbon–nitrogen (BxCyNz) ternary alloys

Abstract

We report a new approach to the generation of high-current, high-brightness electron beams. Primary electrons are produced by a photocathode (or other means) and are accelerated to a few thousand electron-volts, then strike a specially prepared diamond window. The large Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) provides a multiplication of the number of electrons by about two orders of magnitude. The secondary electrons drift through the diamond under an electric field and emerge into the accelerating proper of the "gun" through a Negative Electron Affinity surface of the diamond. The advantages of the new approach include the following: 1. Reduction of the number of primary electrons by the large SEY, i.e. a very low laser power in a photocathode producing the primaries. 2. Low thermal emittance due to the NEA surface and the rapid thermalization of the electrons.3. Protection of the cathode from possible contamination from the gun, allowing the use of large quantum efficiency but sensitive cathodes. 4. Protection of the gun from possible contamination by the cathode, allowing the use of superconducting gun cavities. 5. Production of high average currents, up to ampere class. 6. Encapsulated design, making the "load-lock" systems unnecessary. This paper presents the criteria that need to be taken into account in designing the amplifier

Turning on Zn 4s Electrons in a N2‐Zn‐B2 Configuration to Stimulate Remarkable ORR Performance

“…XANES for N and B elements were also measured (Figure 2 c–d). The feature of N K‐edge at 401 eV and the relatively broad feature centered at 407 eV are attributable to π* and σ* resonances, respectively [28] . The fluctuation in front of π* (red arrows in Figure 2 c) suggests the bonding between pyridinic N and Zn [29] .…”

“…The feature of N K-edge at 401 eV and the relatively broad feature centered at 407 eV are attributable to p* and s* resonances, respectively. [28] The fluctuation in front of p* (red arrows in Figure 2 c) suggests the bonding between pyridinic N and Zn. [29] Similarly, the p* region in Figure 2 d is also broad and drawing any conclusion about the bond formation is difficult because peaks that correspond to the N À B, B À C, and B À Zn bonds lie very close to each other.…”

Hexagonal Nano-Crystalline BCN Films Grown on Si (100) Substrate Studied by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

“…One can also be indicated that N K-edge spectra are not so sensitive in changing the chemical environment. However, it is difficult to distinguish the atomic arrangements around N atom because the peak energies correspond to the N-B and N-C bonds are very close to each other [43].…”

Atomic arrangement, composition and orientation of hexagonal BCN films synthesized by radiofrequency plasma enhanced CVD

“…However, it is difficult to distinguish the atomic arrangements around N atom because the peak energies corresponding to the N-B and N-C bonds lie very close to each other. 21)…”