“…The short-term experiments as well as the results for body burden in the chronic test show higher uptake of citAgNP than of detAgNP, which is in line with the higher toxicity observed for this kind of AgNP and may be caused by negative effects of AgNP after ingestion. Several studies addressed the uptake and the resulting effect of various NP on the midgut epithelium of Daphnia (Asghari et al, 2012;Feswick et al, 2013;Heinlaan et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2014;Kwon et al, 2014;Lovern et al, 2008;Rosenkranz et al, 2009; L. M. with different results related to the colloidal stability of NP: in some studies, mainly single NPs were found in the gut (Heinlaan et al, 2011;Khan et al, 2014;Lovern et al, 2008), while another study showed that more agglomerated NP caused higher damage in to the midgut epithelium (Kwon et al, 2014). However, the midgut epithelium is protected by the peritrophic membrane (PTM) and citAgNP were mainly larger than the PTM permeability of 130 nm (Avtsyn and Petrova, 1986;Hansen and Peters, 1997) while detAgNP remained below.…”