X-ray diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep with special reference to the determination of the number of foetuses

Ardran, G. M.; Brown, T. H.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600063164

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Attempts at predicting lamb numbers between the 51st and 70th days of pregnancy (Ardran & Brown, 1964) were significantly less reliable than our results ( 2 = 20-75, <0·001). There were no significant differences between the present method and radiography carried out after the 70th day of pregnancy (Ford et al, 1963;Ardran & Brown, 1964) in predicting lamb number despite the early stage of pregnancy at which laparoscopy was undertaken.…”

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“…At early stages of preg¬ nancy, however, the ultrasonic techniques were unreliable: our own results were, for instance, more reliable than those reported by Wilson & Newton (1969) for ewes examined before the 69th day of pregnancy ( 2 = 23-44, P< 0-001). The radiographie techniques (Benzie, 1951;Ford et al, 1963;Ardran & Brown, 1964) gave a higher accuracy than laparoscopy for the diagnosis of pregnancy as such although these techniques have mainly been concerned with the determination of foetal numbers. Attempts at predicting lamb numbers between the 51st and 70th days of pregnancy (Ardran & Brown, 1964) were significantly less reliable than our results ( 2 = 20-75, <0·001).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The radiographie techniques (Benzie, 1951;Ford et al, 1963;Ardran & Brown, 1964) gave a higher accuracy than laparoscopy for the diagnosis of pregnancy as such although these techniques have mainly been concerned with the determination of foetal numbers. Attempts at predicting lamb numbers between the 51st and 70th days of pregnancy (Ardran & Brown, 1964) were significantly less reliable than our results ( 2 = 20-75, <0·001). There were no significant differences between the present method and radiography carried out after the 70th day of pregnancy (Ford et al, 1963;Ardran & Brown, 1964) in predicting lamb number despite the early stage of pregnancy at which laparoscopy was undertaken.…”

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The Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Estimation of Foetal Numbers in Sheep by Laparoscopy

Phillippo¹,

Swapp²,

Robinson³

et al. 1971

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Summary. The Robertson, 1968;Hulet, 1969;Wilson & Newton, 1969;Lindahl, 1969Lindahl, , 1970 have a poor success rate before the 70th day of gestation. Laparotomy (Lamond, 1963;Cutten, 1970) has been used between the 28th and 60th days to diagnose pregnancy but may interfere with the fertility of the ewes examined (Cutten, 1970). Examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope has been used extensively in human gynaecology and Roberts (1968)

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The Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Estimation of Foetal Numbers in Sheep by Laparoscopy

Phillippo¹,

Swapp²,

Robinson³

et al. 1971

Reproduction

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“…In ewes, several methods for estimating pregnancy were described by Gordon (1983). Examples of these methods included manual examinations by abdominal palpation (Prott andHopkins, 1975 andPlant, 1980); hormonal tests (Robertson et al, 1980), immunological tests (Findly et al, 1979;Clarke et al, 1980), ultrasonic technique (Langford et al, 1980) and radiographic technique (Curazon and Quinlan, 1936; Benzi, 1051; Adrian andBrown, 1964 andRizzoli et al, 1976). The goat on the other hand received a relatively little attention regarding methods of diagnosing pregnancy which in turn are usually attributed to results obtained from ewes.…”

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Radiographic Estimation of Pregnancy in Goats

Saleh

Ahmed

Nono

et al. 1988

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents: The onset and progression o f goat fetal skeletal radio opacity were studied t o identify the stage o f pregnancy and the number o f fetuses present. Lateral radiographs using 75 KVP, 200 Ma, 0.25 s and 100 FFD was f o u n d to be good values for detection of pregnancy in goats. Lengths taken f o r skull, f e m u r and vertebral column o f the fetus were used as a parameter f o r determination o f the stage o f pregnancy. Counting the number o f fetal skulls were used f o r estimating the number o f fetuses present. Accurate radiologkal diagnosis ofpregnancy in goat was possible after 10 weeks o f gestation.Inhalt: Radiographische Bestimmung der Trachtigkeit bei der Ziege Der 3eginn und die Weiterentwicktung fotater SkeEettbiEdung wurde radiologisch bestim.mt, um das Stadium der Trachtigkeit u n d die Zahl der Foten zu ermitteln. Laterale Rontgenbilder wurden mit 75 KVP, 200 Ma., 0,25 Sek. und 100 FFD ermittelt, wobei sich diese Einstellung als giinstig fur die Trachtigkeitserkennung bei Ziegen erwies. Die Ermittlung der Schadellange, des Femurs u n d des Riickenmarks beim Fotus wurden als Parameter fur die Bestimmung des Trachtigkeitsstadiums benutzt. Die Zahl der Fotalschadel ergab die Zahl der Foten. Genaue radiologische Diagnose der Trachtigkeit bei Ziegen war ab etwa 10 Wochen der Trachtigkeit moglich.

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“…A number of methods for diagnosing pregnant ewes have been developed and include the use of X-rays (Ardran & Brown 1964), ultrasonic echo and Doppler instruments (Hulet 1969; Wilson & Newton 1969;Lindahl 1972), and rectal palpation (Hulet 1973). These methods have the disadvantage of needing to handle and test each ewe individually, and also the equipment can be expensive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of barren ewes by vasectomised rams

Knight

Dalton

Hight

1979

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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The ability of harnessed vasectomised (teaser) rams to identify barren ewes over the 4-6 weeks after joining with entire rams, has been calculated from 4-6 years' data from 2 flocks. Of the total barren ewes, 29.6% (range 18.2%-46.6%) in one flock and 48.0% (range 31.3%-66.9%) in the other flock were marked in the 4 weeks after joining. The percentage of barren ewes marked by the teasers increased with increasing prejoining Ii ve weight of the ewes. There was no effect of breed of ewe on the percentage of barren ewes marked but there were large variations among years. There was only a small increase in the percentage of barren ewes marked when the period of joining with teasers increased from 4 to 6 weeks. The teasers marked 7.1 %-8.1 % of the total ewes in one flock and 9.5%-10.8% in the other in 4 weeks, but the proportion marked varied among years. In both flocks, pregnant ewes were marked by the teasers, but in all except one year these formed only a small percentage (0.6%-1.2%) of the total pregnant ewes. Culling ewes marked by the teaser rams was more effective in reducing the percentage of barren ewes present at lambing than culling a similar proportion of ewes based on low prejoining live weight or culling ewes with no recorded mating by entire rams.

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X-ray diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep with special reference to the determination of the number of foetuses

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

The Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Estimation of Foetal Numbers in Sheep by Laparoscopy

The Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Estimation of Foetal Numbers in Sheep by Laparoscopy

Radiographic Estimation of Pregnancy in Goats

Identification of barren ewes by vasectomised rams

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