X-ray diagnostics of runaway electrons in fast gas discharges

Abstract

Results from experimental studies of x-ray emission during gas discharges are reported. They confirm experimentally the presence of runaway electrons in short, high-pressure discharges under highly overvolted conditions. These electrons, when stopped at the anode, produce x-ray radiation. A high-energy component above 3 keV was measured. The effects of the type of gas, its pressure, electrode separation, and applied voltage are presented.The results are analyzed with respect to breakdown development described by a model based on two groups of electrons present in the discharge.

The neutrons emission during the nanosecond discharge in deuterium with inhomogeneous electric field distribution

“…In [9] the breakdown of the gap with a tip cathode and a voltage pulse with amplitude of � 17 kY was investigated. The second factor is the reduction of the critical field for the runaway of the electrons with increasing initial electron energy [10). In particular, at discharge in the gap with a cathode having a small radius of curvature electrons can obtain preliminary acceleration in the region with highest electric field near the cathode.…”

Neutron emission during a nanosecond discharge in deuterium in a nonuniform electric field

“…They studied the breakdown of a gap with a pointed cathode by applying 17 kV voltage pulses. Second, it is desirable to reduce the critical field for runaway elec trons and simultaneously raise the initial energy of electrons [10]. If, in this case, a discharge is initiated in a gap with a cathode having a small radius of curva ture, electrons may preaccelerate in the near cathode…”

High-voltage nanosecond discharge in a dense gas at a high overvoltage with runaway electrons

“…18. Интересно, что отдельная точка работы [53] практически совпа дает с кривой 4 для микросекундного импульса, причем в области торр. см.…”

“…У Станкевича -нс. Можно допустить, что излучение возбуждается в течение кратковременной стадии разрядов, длитель ность которой меньше После выхода работы [43] рентгеновское излучение и УЭ неоднократно наблюдались при исследовании наносе кундных газовых разрядов в лабораторных условиях [6,33,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Наносекундные импульсы УЭ в условиях относительно небольших пе ренапряжений зарегистрированы при пробое воздуха атмосфер ной плотности микросекундными импульсами высокого напряжения [63].…”