The structure, stability, and bonding characteristics
of dimers
and trimers involving BX3 and AlX3 (X = H, F,
Cl) in the gas phase, many of them explored for the first time, were
investigated using different DFT (B3LYP, B3LYP/D3BJ, and M06-2X) and
ab initio (MP2 and G4) methods together with different energy decomposition
formalisms, namely, many-body interaction-energy and localized molecular
orbital energy decomposition analysis. The electron density of the
clusters investigated was analyzed with QTAIM, electron localization
function, NCIPLOT, and adaptive natural density partitioning approaches.
Our results for triel hydride dimers and Al2X6 (X = F, Cl) clusters are in good agreement with previous studies
in the literature, but in contrast with the general accepted idea
that B2F6 and B2Cl6 do
not exist, we have found that they are predicted to be weakly bound
systems if dispersion interactions are conveniently accounted for
in the theoretical schemes used. Dispersion interactions are also
dominant in both homo- and heterotrimers involving boron halide monomers.
Surprisingly, B3F9 and B3Cl9
C
3v
cyclic trimers,
in spite of exhibiting rather strong B–X (X = F, Cl) interactions,
were found to be unstable with respect to the isolated monomers due
to the high energetic cost of the rehybridization of the B atom, which
is larger than the two- and three-body stabilization contributions
when the cyclic is formed. Another important feature is the enhanced
stability of both homo- and heterotrimers in which Al is the central
atom because Al is systematically pentacoordinated, whereas this is
not the case when the central atom is B, which is only tri- or tetra-coordinated.