X-ray diffraction imaging with the Multiple Inverse Fan Beam topology: Principles, performance and potential for security screening

Harding, G.L.; Fleckenstein, H.; Kosciesza, D.; Olesinski, S.; Strecker, H.; Theedt, T.; Zienert, G.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.12.015

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There is a growing need for rapid in situ materials discrimination in fields including medicine [1], security screening [2,3] and industrial process control [4]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the gold standard for conducting definitive materials discrimination because it provides the near unequivocal identification of material phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction using an annular beam

Dicken¹,

Evans²,

Rogers³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate material phase identification by measuring polychromatic diffraction spots from samples at least 20 mm in diameter and up to 10 mm thick with an energy resolving point detector. Within our method an annular X-ray beam in the form of a conical shell is incident with its symmetry axis normal to an extended polycrystalline sample. The detector is configured to receive diffracted flux transmitted through the sample and is positioned on the symmetry axis of the annular beam. We present the experiment data from a range of different materials and demonstrate the acquisition of useful data with sub-second collection times of 0.5 s; equating to 0.15 mAs. Our technique should be highly relevant in fields that demand rapid analytical methods such as medicine, security screening and non-destructive testing. 12. D. Prokopiou, K. Rogers, P. Evans, S. Godber, and A. Dicken, "Discrimination of liquids by a focal construct Xray diffraction geometry," Appl. Radiat. Isot. 77, 160-165 (2013). 13. P. Evans, K. Rogers, A. Dicken, S. Godber, and D. Prokopiou, "X-ray diffraction tomography employing an annular beam," Opt. Express 22(10), 11930-11944 (2014). 14. R. D. Luggar, J. A. Horrocks, R. D. Speller, and R. J. Lacey, "Determination of the geometric blurring of an energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) system and its use in the simulation of experimentally derived diffraction profiles," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 383(2-3), 610-618 (1996). 15. B. Ghammraoui, V. Rebuffel, J. Tabary, C. Paulus, L. Verger, and P. Duvauchelle, "Effect of grain size on stability of X-ray diffraction patterns used for threat detection," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 683, 1-7 (2012).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction using an annular beam

Dicken¹,

Evans²,

Rogers³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advantages of XRD over typical X-ray imaging techniques are covered in Well's comprehensive review from 2012 [3]. X-ray diffractive-imaging devices are commercially available, and their intrinsic features necessary for detecting solid and liquid explosives and inert materials are summarized by Harding [5]. Much work over the past five years has been on improving detectability through combining detection techniques [4,6], analysis methods [7], and optimization of X-ray geometry [8][9][10][11][12] and detector geometry [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased dramatically since publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis [Moore DS, Goodpaster JV, Anal Bioanal Chem 395:245-246, 2009]. Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. Part I discussed methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. This part, Part II, will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.

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“…Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a military explosive commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and detection of this material has become increasingly important over the last 15 years for transportation security and safety [1,2]. PETN can be difficult to detect due to its low vapor pressure and thermal lability [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%