X-ray diffraction line profile analysis of KBr thin films

Rai, Rakesh; Pandit, Triloki; Singh, B. K.

doi:10.1007/s00339-016-0293-3

Cited by 64 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…This increment in photocurrent is related to the ejection of more photoelectron from photocathode surface with increasing thickness. From X-ray diffraction analysis of these films, which we have reported in our earlier article [26], it was found that defect density as well as microstrain decrease and therefore, film crystallinity improves with increasing thickness. The film with a better crystal structure and fewer impurities, ejected electrons will have a higher probability of survival through transport towards vacuum interface and contribute to the photocurrent.…”

Section: Photoemission Studiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Correlation between photoemissive and morphological properties of KBr thin film photocathodes

Rai¹,

Pandit²,

Singh³

et al. 2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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In the present work, the morphological properties of KBr photocathodes are correlated with their photoemissive behavior using a combination of analyzing techniques including SEM, TEM and AFM. From morphological studies, it is observed that KBr films have granular characteristics with varied average grain size and grain density. Structure and orientation of individual grains have been investigated by selected area electron diffraction technique and found to be the crystalline in nature with a face centered cubic structure. It is evident from the AFM analysis that the root mean square roughness and maximum area peak height have been decreased with the deposition of more KBr layers. The photoemission studies reveal that the resultant photocurrent is enhanced with increasing film thickness and it is directly related to the surface area coverage and grain density.

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Section: Photoemission Studiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Correlation between photoemissive and morphological properties of KBr thin film photocathodes

Rai¹,

Pandit²,

Singh³

et al. 2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Spectral fitting of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. As (200) and its harmonic (400) presented the same atomic distributions, it is rational to discuss the representative face of (400) for the face analysis and the interaction energy calculation [47,48]. On (400), regular distributions of calcium, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms indicated the similar adsorption of the calcium oleate and SDBS due to the similar carbon chain length and functional group.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Crystal Facesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Additives on the Morphologies of Hydrothermal Products Prepared from Semi-Dry Desulfurization Residues

Li¹,

Hao²,

Yuan³

2018

Crystals

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For effective utilization of the residues, calcium sulfate whiskers were prepared from semi-dry desulfurization residues by hydrothermal synthesis reactions. Aiming at collecting the products with a long length and large aspect ratio, the additives, including sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and sodium citrate, were added to control the growth of the crystal. Compared with no additives, whiskers with relatively a longer length and larger aspect ratio could be obtained in the presence of sodium oleate or SDBS. The sodium citrate made the whiskers thicker and shorter. Then, the effects of the additives on crystal growth and the morphology of the hydrothermal products were investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and molecular dynamics simulations. According to the results of XRD, the diffraction intensity of the crystal face (400) increased under the influence of sodium oleate, promoting crystal growth along the c-axis. The molecular structures of the corresponding faces were built based on the strong peaks shown in the XRD patterns. The atomic distribution on the computed crystal faces was presented. The interaction energies on different faces were calculated to illustrate the different adsorption configurations of the additives. Among the calculated faces, the interaction energies on (400) were both most negative for sodium oleate and SDBS. Therefore, sodium oleate and SDBS preferred to adsorb on (400). As a result, the growth of (400) was thus inhibited and the crystal grew along the c-axis. Compared with sodium oleate and SDBS, the lowest adsorption energy of sodium citrate on the face (310) indicated that sodium citrate has no positive effect on the directional growth of the crystal parallel to c-axis. The molecular simulation results were virtually identical to the crystal faces analysis results.

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“…The deviation from the crystallinity is ascribed to the presence of lattice distortion owing to the limited crystallite size and the microstrain. 44 The XRD patterns presented in Fig. 2 show the diffraction peaks for the He-Ne laser irradiated Sn 0.04 Co 0.06 O 2 thin films (22 mW) with different exposure times of 0, 1, 2, 15, 40, and 60 min.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser radiation effect on microstructural, linear, and nonlinear optical characteristics of Sn0.04Co0.06O2 nanostructured films

Gad

2022

Opt. Eng.

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. The influence of He-Ne laser radiation on linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of Co-doped SnO2 (Sn0.04Co0.06O2) thin film was studied before and after irradiation. 22 mW (633 nm) He-Ne laser beam was employed to irradiate the film with different exposure times (Texpo. = 1, 2, 5, 15, 20, 40, and 60 min). As grown and irradiated films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), an atomic force microscope (AFM) was integrated with UV-VIS–NIR spectrophotometer. XRD pattern analysis showed that the crystallite size decreased as the exposure increased to 5 min, however, a further increase in Texpo from 15 to 60 min increased the crystallite size. Analysis of AFM micrographs shows that the roughness of the surface and root mean square roughness of the film depend on the increase in the laser exposure time. The optical studies of irradiated films show that the optical energy gap Eg decreases as the exposure time increases to 5 min and then raises as the film is irradiated for up to 60 min. This reduction was attributed to the elimination of the additional oxygen from the film, and the increase of Eg is explained by the Burstein–Moss effect. Swanepoel’s envelope method is used to calculate the linear optical parameters of the irradiated film from the light transmission spectrum, such as refractive index n, and extinction coefficient k. The results reveal that the global behavior of n and k increases with exposure time. The oscillator parameters of the irradiated film of different exposure times were evaluated from the single-oscillator Wemple–DiDomenico model, which was then used to calculate the nonlinear optical parameters such as n2 the nonlinear refractive index, and χ(3) the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. It is concluded that the He-Ne laser irradiation with different exposure times enhances the optoelectronic properties of Sn0.04Co0.06O2 nanocrystalline semiconductor thin film

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X-ray diffraction line profile analysis of KBr thin films

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

Correlation between photoemissive and morphological properties of KBr thin film photocathodes

Correlation between photoemissive and morphological properties of KBr thin film photocathodes

Effect of Additives on the Morphologies of Hydrothermal Products Prepared from Semi-Dry Desulfurization Residues

Laser radiation effect on microstructural, linear, and nonlinear optical characteristics of Sn0.04Co0.06O2 nanostructured films

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