X-ray diffraction patterns from chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate (<i>Short Communication</i>)

Atkins, E. D. T.; Laurent, Torvard C.

doi:10.1042/bj1330605

Cited by 50 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The calculated maximum molecular repeat shortens by about 0.1 nm and contraction of space-filling models to the observed 1.59 nm repeat is somewhat easier. Atkins & Laurent (1973) in studies on dermatan sulphate were able to show that their results were consistent with a Cl chair form for L-iduronic acid (see also . That L-iduronic acid residues may adopt a solid-state conformation which is different from that found in dermatan sulphate might be a consequence of sulphation.…”

Section: Vol 135mentioning

confidence: 84%

Conformation of the mucopolysaccharides. X-ray fibre diffraction of heparin

Nieduszynski

Atkins

1973

Biochemical Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oriented films of the sodium salt of heparin crystallize in a triclinic unit cell. The X-ray diffraction results favour a tetrasaccharide covalent repeating sequence but the measured molecularrepeat of 1.59nm is inconsistent with all a-(1 -*4)(lax -->4eq)-glycosidic linkages as generally accepted. Three models are proposed for the molecular shape of heparin, which depend on the chair conformation adopted by the hexuronic acid moieties. Model I has both uronic acids in the Cl chair form, model II has one uronic acid in each of the Cl and 1C chairs and model III has both in the IC chair form. The merits of these models are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Vol 135mentioning

confidence: 84%

Conformation of the mucopolysaccharides. X-ray fibre diffraction of heparin

Nieduszynski

Atkins

1973

Biochemical Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies on the X-ray-crystallographic properties of heparan sulphate suggest that the similarity with heparin may be extended to include the occurrence of p-glucuronidic linkages (Atkins & Laurent, 1973 similarities it might be expected that the two polysaccharides are synthesized in an analogous fashion. The results of the present structural study point to a common mechanism for the formation of L-iduronic acid residues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of sulphate and iduronic acid residues in heparin and heparan sulphate

Höök

Lindahl

Iverius

1974

Biochemical Journal

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. A method was developed for determination of the uronic acid composition of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans. Polymers or oligosaccharides are degraded to monosaccharides by a combination of acid hydrolysis and deamination with HNO2. The resulting uronic acid monosaccharides (accounting for about 70% of the uronic acid contents of the starting materials) are isolated and converted into the corresponding aldono-1,4-lactones, which are separated by g.l.c. The calculated ratios of glucuronic acid/iduronic acid are reproducible within 5 %. 2. Samples of heparin from pig intestinal mucosa (molar ratio of sulphate/disaccharide unit, 2.40) and heparan sulphate from human aorta (sulphate/disaccharide ratio, 0.46) were subjected to uronic acid analysis. L-Iduronic acid constituted 77 % and 19 % respectively of the total uronic acid contents. 3. The correlation between the contents of sulphate and iduronic acid indicated by this finding also applied to the fractionated deamination products of the two polymers. The sulphated fragments varied in size from disaccharide to octasaccharide (or larger) and showed sulphate/disaccharide molar ratios in the range of 0.05-2.0. The proportion of iduronic acid increased with increasing ester sulphate contents of the oligosaccharides. 4. Previous studies on the biosynthesis of heparin in a cell-free system have shown that L-iduronic acid residues are formed by C-5 epimerization ofD-glucuronic acid units at the polymer level; the process requires concomitant sulphation of the polymer. The results obtained in the present structural study conform to these findings, and suggest further that similar mechanisms may operate in the biosynthesis of heparan sulphate. The epimerization reaction appears to be linked to the sulphation of hydroxyl groups but does not seem to require sulphation of the target uronic acid residues. The significance of sulphamino groups in relation to the formation of iduronic acid is unknown.

show abstract

“…There are similarities, however, between the polyanion character of the RNA and DNA molecules and the sulfated glycosaminoglycans, due to their phosphate and sulfate groups, respectively. A further similarity might be the tertiary structure of both macromolecules, since Atkins et al have proved a double helical structure of glycosaminoglycansl 19 '.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Initeractions of Glycosaminoglycans with DNA and RNA Synthesizing Enzymes in vitro

Schaffrath¹,

Stuhlsatz²,

Greiling³

1976

Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sulfated glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin, and a glycosaminoglycan polysulfate are competitive inhibitors of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). The unsulfated glycosaminoglycans chondroitin and hyaluronate are without any influence on the synthesis of DNA and RNA.The strongest inhibitor is a glycosaminoglycan polysulfate with four sulfate groups per disaccharide unit. It has the following inhibitor constants: DNA polymerase,^ = 1.5 χ 10~6M;RNA polymerase, Κ· γ = 0.9 χ 10~6Μ; reverse transcriptase, K\ = 1.1 χ 10~6M. The inhibition is closely correlated to the degree of sulfation of the glycosaminoglycans. There is a relationship between the sulfate/hexosamine ratio and the degree of inhibition. The inhibition of the DNA and RNA synthesizing enzymes by sulfated glycosaminoglycans depends on the nature of the template. With double-stranded DNA as template, inhibition occurs only when sulfated glycosaminoglycans are added before or shortly after (30 s) initiation of the synthesis. There is no inhibition if the inhibitors are added after the onset of the synthesis. On the other hand, with a single-stranded template synthesis was blocked completely at each phase of reaction.

show abstract

X-ray diffraction patterns from chondroitin 4-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate (Short Communication)

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Conformation of the mucopolysaccharides. X-ray fibre diffraction of heparin

Conformation of the mucopolysaccharides. X-ray fibre diffraction of heparin

Distribution of sulphate and iduronic acid residues in heparin and heparan sulphate

Initeractions of Glycosaminoglycans with DNA and RNA Synthesizing Enzymes in vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About