X-ray diffraction study of bamboo fibers treated with NaOH

Liu, Yanping; Hu, Hong

doi:10.1007/s12221-008-0115-0

Cited by 249 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A similar character of the dependence of cotton or ramie crystallinity during alkali treatment has been reported in recent works [51][52][53]. It is well known that the lignocellulosic fillers undergo three distinct process during mercerization [18,54,55]: fiber swelling, disruption of the crystalline areas and formation of new crystalline lattice after rinsing away the mercerization solution. The degree of crystallinity can be well correlated with cellulose I susceptibility to transformation to cellulose II.…”

Section: Waxs Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The necessity of mercerization as a step preceding chemical modification follows from the fact that the hydroxyl groups of native cellulose are not sufficiently reactive with the modifiers applied [12]. It should be added that mercerization is also responsible for the formation of another polymorphic variety of cellulose (cellulose II), which has been described in [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Mercerization can have a beneficial effect on mechanical properties of polymer composites [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another problem of concern in this area is the influence of mercerization process on the polymorphism of cellulose component [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In particular, it is interesting to establish the effect of changes in the polymorphic varieties of cellulose induced by wood mercerization on interphase structure in composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Borysiak

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Results of the hitherto research work on alkalisation of lignocellulosic materials have been much divergent. In view of the above, the subject of this study is mercerization of cellulose from pine wood. This choice of the subject permitted observation of transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II with no participation of other components of lignocellulosic materials. According to X-ray results, during mercerization the isolated cellulose was easily (completely) transformed into cellulose II variety, while the pine wood was converted more slowly to cellulose II polymorphs. Therefore, it could be concluded that the presence of lignin and hemicelluloses in wood prevented the transformation from cellulose I to II. The main objective of this research was to establish the effect of cellulose varieties on the nucleation ability of different fillers by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscopy. The nucleating effect of the fillers occurs only in the presence of cellulose I variety. In contrast, the presence of cellulose II variety seems to practically eliminate the nucleating effect of the fillers. Moreover, nucleation of the mercerized wood (mixture of cellulose I and II) can be also observed, but this effect is not strong. It should be emphasised that as yet no correlation has been reported between the quantitative composition of cellulose polymorphic forms (appearing not only in wood, but in cellulose isolated from wood as well) and the nucleation ability of lignocellulosic fillers.

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Section: Waxs Diffraction Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Borysiak

2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…However, the manufacturing process for the regenerated CeF does permit greater control over the consistency of the fibre properties, the fibre count, fibre dimensions, and surface finish. The naturally occurring cellulosic-based fibres, such as FF, and the regenerated CeF also differ in their cellulose types: 'cellulose I', which is an assembly of crystallites and disordered amorphous material, is found in naturally occurring cellulosic-based fibres, while 'cellulose II', which is a more stable form of the cellulose crystal, is found in regenerated cellulose [39]. Further discussions on the selection of the natural-fibre reinforcements may be found in [40].…”

Section: Experimental Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

et al. 2015

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Flax fibres and cellulose fibres were used to manufacture composites with particle-modified epoxy matrices in order to develop 'green' composites which possess relatively high values of interlaminar fracture energy, G c . The flax used had a unidirectional architecture of continuous yarns spun from short, interlocked fibres. The regenerated cellulose consisted of continuous and nontwisted pure cellulose fibres in a plain-woven architecture. The natural-fibre-reinforced-polymer (NFRP) composites employed an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy as the matrix. The epoxy polymeric matrix was modified with (a) silica nanoparticles, (b) rubber microparticles, and (c) a combination of both of these types of particles to give a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. The composites were manufactured via a resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) process. Preliminary studies on the NFRP composites manufactured using the initial-RIFT process clearly showed the deleterious effect that moisture present in the natural fibres had upon the properties of the NFRP composites, since the trapped water cannot escape from the composite panel. Hence, an optimised-RIFT process was developed whereby the natural fibres were dried in a fan oven prior to being employed in the RIFT process. This reduced the water content of the fibres from around 9 to 10 wt% to about 1 wt%. Significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties were recorded for the NFRP composites manufactured using this optimised-RIFT process. Indeed, in particular, very dramatic improvements in the G c of the NFRP composites were measured, especially when the epoxy polymeric matrix was modified using the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles. For example, a steady-state propagation value of G c of about 1935 J/m 2 was measured for the flax-fibre composite with the hybrid epoxy matrix, compared to values of 1110 and 535 J/m 2 for the flax-fibre and glass-fibre composites based on the unmodified (i.e., the 'control') epoxy matrix, respectively.

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“…A number of natural fibers such as agave (El Oudiani et al 2012), alfa (Borchani et al 2015), bamboo (Das and Chakraborty 2006;Liu and Hu 2008;Das and Chakraborty 2008;Zhang et al 2015), century fiber (Obi , hemp (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002;Liu et al 2013), jute (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002;Saha et al 2010), Prosopis jujiflora (Saravanakumar et al 2014), reed (Barman et al 2014), sisal (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002;Khan et al 2012), kapok (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002), and Indian grass (Liu et al 2004) have been subjected to an alkali pretreatment before combining with polymer matrix. It was observed by several researchers (Mwaikambo and Ansell 2002;Das and Chakraborty 2006;Liu and Hu 2008;Das and Chakraborty 2008;Saha et al 2010;El Oudiani et al 2012), that the sodium hydroxide concentration greatly affects the properties of the fibers. An increase of properties is reached at a certain concentration of sodium hydroxide and then falls with increasing concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali and Peroxide Bleach Treatments on Spring Harvested Switchgrass for Potential Composite Application

Enriquez¹,

Mohanty²,

Misra³

2016

BioResources

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Natural fibers are desirable in composite applications for their sustainability. However, improving upon the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix is a major challenge. Chemical surface modification is a method used to improve compatibility of the fiber by exposing or adding functionalities to the surface, and removing non-cellulosic components in order to enhance mechanical and thermal properties. Switchgrass, an abundant natural fiber, has potential for use as a reinforcing material in composite applications. Surface modifications were conducted on switchgrass via alkali and peroxide bleaching treatments in order to remove surface impurities and create a rougher surface, as observed in scanning electron micrographs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and compositional analysis showed that non-cellulosic components were reduced following the alkali and bleach treatments. Reduction of hemicellulose and lignin improved thermal stability by increasing the onset temperature of degradation from 258 °C to 289 and 281 °C for alkali and bleach treatments, respectively. The crystallinity index (CI) of untreated and treated fibers was calculated from x-ray diffraction analyses. An increase of 48% and 38% for the alkali and bleach treated fibers, respectively, was seen in the CI, compared to the untreated switchgrass. The surface of switchgrass was successfully modified using alkali and peroxide bleach treatments for composite applications.

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X-ray diffraction study of bamboo fibers treated with NaOH

Cited by 249 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Influence of cellulose polymorphs on the polypropylene crystallization

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

Alkali and Peroxide Bleach Treatments on Spring Harvested Switchgrass for Potential Composite Application

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