X‐Ray Fluorescence

Sindhu, Rakesh K.; Yadav, Shantanu K.; Kaur, Arashmeet; Kumar, Manish; Kumar, Pradeep

doi:10.1002/9781119645719.ch39

X‐Ray Fluorescence in Biological Sciences 2022

DOI: 10.1002/9781119645719.ch39

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X‐Ray Fluorescence

Rakesh K. Sindhu

Shantanu K. Yadav

Arashmeet Kaur

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 1 publication

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Iodinated PSMA Ligands as XFI Tracers for Targeted Cell Imaging and Characterization of Nanoparticles

Kerpa,

Holzapfel,

Staufer

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Despite this, current diagnostic tools are still not satisfactory, lacking sensitivity for early-stage or single-cell diagnosis. This study describes the development of small-molecule tracers for the well-known tumor marker prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). These tracers contain a urea motif for PSMA-targeting and iodinated aromatic moieties to allow detection via X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). Tracers with a triiodobenzoyl moiety allowed the specific targeting and successful imaging of PSMA+ cell lines with XFI. The XFI-measured uptake of 7.88 × 10−18 mol iodine (I) per cell is consistent with the uptake of known PSMA tracers measured by other techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This is the first successful application of XFI to tumor cell targeting with a small-molecule tracer. In addition, iodinated tracers were used for the characterization of quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to PSMA-targeting urea motifs. The resulting targeted QD conjugates were shown to selectively bind PSMA+ cell lines via confocal microscopy. The immobilized iodinated targeting vectors allowed the determination of the tracer/QD ratio via XFI and ICP-MS. This ratio is a key property of targeted particles and difficult to measure by other techniques.

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Iodinated PSMA Ligands as XFI Tracers for Targeted Cell Imaging and Characterization of Nanoparticles

Kerpa,

Holzapfel,

Staufer

et al. 2024

IJMS

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show abstract

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X‐Ray Fluorescence

Cited by 1 publication

References 88 publications

Iodinated PSMA Ligands as XFI Tracers for Targeted Cell Imaging and Characterization of Nanoparticles

Iodinated PSMA Ligands as XFI Tracers for Targeted Cell Imaging and Characterization of Nanoparticles

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