X‐ray Fluorescence Characterization of Ming‐dynasty Porcelain Rescued From a Spanish Shipwreck

Mazo-Gray, V.; Alvarez, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1992.tb00475.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The importation of cobalt from Persia and/or Europe and/or Indonesia during the Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty (1271-1368) has been accepted by many authors [14,99,100,124,128,138,140,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]. The high Fe/Mn value of the blue pigment is considered an effective empirical criterion to recognize the use of Asian cobalt sources [124,138,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174]180,[195][196][197][198][199][200][201]. A very recent study by Jiang et al [180] addressed this subject with the analysis of selected pigment particles with different morphology, chemical composition and distribution behaviour in the blue Chinese porcelain glazes, using the sophisticated technique of focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM).…”

Section: Compositional Shift: Mine Origin or Processing Effect?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel: Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade

2021

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Minerals able to colour in blue (and green in combination with yellow pigments) are limited in number and geologically. After presenting a short history of the use of cobalt as a colouring agent of glass, glaze and enamel in the Western/Mediterranean, Islamic and Asian worlds since Antiquity, we will present the different forms (dissolved ions, natural and synthetic crystalline phases/pigments) of cobalt and associated elements regarding primary (transition metals) and secondary geological deposits (transition metals and/or arsenic, bismuth, silver). Attempts to identify the origin of cobalt have been made by many authors considering the associated elements but without considering the important modifications due to different processing of the raw materials (extraction/purification/formulation). We review the information available in the ancient reports and present literature on the use of cobalt, its extraction and production from the ores, the different geological sources and their relationship with associated elements (transition metals, bismuth, arsenic, and silver) and with technological/aesthetic requirements. (Partial) substitution of cobalt with lapis lazuli is also addressed. The relative application of non-invasive mobile Raman and pXRF analytical instruments, to detect mineral phases and elements associated with/replacing cobalt is addressed, with emphasis on Mamluk, Ottoman, Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese productions. The efficiency of Ni-Zn-As diagram proposed by Gratuze et al. as a classification tool is confirmed but additionally, CoO-Fe2O3−MnO and CoO-NiO-Cr2O3 diagrams are also found as very efficient tools in this research. The relationship between the compositional data obtained from the artefacts and historical questions on the origin and date of their production are discussed in order to obtain a global historical view. The need of a better knowledge of (ancient) deposits of cobalt ores and the evolution of cobalt ore processing with time and place is obvious.

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Section: Compositional Shift: Mine Origin or Processing Effect?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel: Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade

2021

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“…Ceramics are easily forged: modern and ancient parts can be re-assembled; raw materials with the correct provenance can be obtained; ancient moulds can be used; and ancient objects can be moulded. A large number of Archaeometry publications have concerned the authentication of Chinese ceramics, using TL tests (Fleming 1973(Fleming , 1974 along with elemental analysis of clays (Anders et al 1992), pigments (Yap andTang 1984, 1985;Yap 1986;Mazo-Gray and Alvarez 1992;Yu and Miao 1996), and body and glazes (Leung et al 2000).…”

Section: The Antiquities Market Versus Archaeometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of Archaeometry publications have concerned the authentication of Chinese ceramics, using TL tests (Fleming 1973, 1974) along with elemental analysis of clays (Anders et al . 1992), pigments (Yap and Tang 1984, 1985; Yap 1986; Mazo‐Gray and Alvarez 1992; Yu and Miao 1996), and body and glazes (Leung et al . 2000).…”

Section: The Antiquities Market Versus Archaeometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometry and Museums: Fifty Years of Curiosity and Wonder*

Guerra

2008

Archaeometry

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Artefacts and works of art kept in museum collections originated in many cases from ancient private collections. In such cases, a partial or total absence of historical information may create additional problems concerning their authenticity. The study of museum collections and their preservation requires the use of analytical techniques but also combined examination techniques not commonly necessary for the study of archaeological objects. This paper gives an overview of the importance of museum items for the understanding of the past, the difficulties relating to their authentication and the significant advances brought about by science‐based techniques, in particular those cases discussed in Archaeometry during the past 50 years.

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“…The period between the 14th and 19th centuries saw the increasingly active integration of the Chinese Ming (1368Ming ( -1644 and Qing (1636Qing ( -1912 dynasties into the world economy through the rise of globalization (Atwell 1998). Not only were the luxury items that originated from China, such as porcelains and silk, traded into Europe by maritime and land routes (Rossabi 1970;Mazo-gray and Alvarez 1992;Wen et al 2007;Yang 2010Yang , 2011, but also silver was exported from the Americas to China for the domestic monetary supply (Flynn and Giraldez 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global circulation of silver between Ming–Qing China and the Americas: Combining historical texts and scientific analyses

et al. 2020

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The circulation of silver between the Americas, Europe and China has provided a critical impetus for modern globalization since the 16th century. Even though substantial documentary information about this process has been collected and processed, there is still an ongoing debate about its underlying mechanism and the nature of the economic model. This article argues that the scientific analyses of the silver bullion and coins of Ming–Qing China and the Americas can offer a new source of information about this issue. This pilot study shows that the Ag concentration in Ming and Qing silver bullion is higher than that of the Americas, by around 3% and 8%, respectively. In particular, Qing silver bullion made in different reigns shows a remarkably consistent Ag content. Such a difference in the fineness could further contribute to the colossal arbitrage noted by scholars for decades, resulting in high volumes of global trading fundamentally driven by the higher price of silver in China. While quantifying its exact economic and political impacts still appears a distant prospect, as the current database is rather sketchy and many intermediate processes remain unclear, integrating scientific analyses into historical research illustrates several new patterns which helps to rethink the global silver circulation in the early modern period.

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X‐ray Fluorescence Characterization of Ming‐dynasty Porcelain Rescued From a Spanish Shipwreck

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel: Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade

Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel: Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade

Archaeometry and Museums: Fifty Years of Curiosity and Wonder*

Global circulation of silver between Ming–Qing China and the Americas: Combining historical texts and scientific analyses

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