X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Cesareo, Roberto

doi:10.1002/14356007.b05_675.pub2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…First, decimeters from two ends of dating samples in aluminum tubes were removed to avoid light contamination under a dark-room condition. The 200-mesh soil powder samples and X-ray fluorescence for major elemental composition [33], the oriented core samples and standard thin section techniques [34] and terminology [35] for micro-morphologies, the clod method for soil bulk density [36], the 100-mesh (150 µm) soil powder samples and wet oxidation method for soil organic carbon (SOC) [37], the 10-mesh (2000 µm) soil powder samples and grain size analytical procedure for grain size composition [38], optically stimulated luminescence, and the 10-mesh (2000 µm) soil powder samples and a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2) equipped with a MS2F probe for magnetic susceptibility were employed (Bartington Instruments, Witney, UK). The ten dating samples with control significance were dated by Chen et al [39] without time reversal problems.…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols?

Sun,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Quaternary

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Previous research assumed deep buried loess as the initial composition of the overlying paleosol and failed to address the long-term continuous pedogenic weathering history in the deep loess-paleosol sequence, which was attributed to little understanding on the difference between loess and paleosol in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence. To distinguish between the loess and paleosol, in the long-term deep loess-paleosol sequence in northeast China, the morphology, dust deposition fluxes, geochemical characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size distributions were investigated. Results showed that the loess layers buried at depth could be differentiated from the paleosol by their poor pedogenic development. The presence of coarser grains in the loess as well as lesser amounts of clay and Fe–Mn coatings compared to paleosol indicated weaker weathering of the loess. Also, optical iron clay films deposited on the surface of the skeleton particles were less visible in the loesses than in the paleosols. From the loess evolution perspective, the pedogenic formation process of the newly formed loess soils should be considered as important as that of the reddish paleosol layer based on criteria of formation time, depth within profile, and morphological characteristics. The formation of the reddish or yellowish paleosol layer was constrained by pedogenic environments associated with climatic change and by the relative rates of deposition and pedogenesis. The terms “loessal paleosol” and “loessal paleosol sequence” are suggested to aid in systematically and consistently addressing the long-term pedogenic weathering evolution recorded in the complex formation of deep loess and paleosol sequences in pedology research. The long-term deep loessal sediments of Northeast China are loessal paleosols, which cannot be simply used as a reference for the overlying paleosol and be deducted from pedogenesis consideration.

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Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols?

Sun,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Quaternary

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“…Obtaining such consolidated information from monolayers is particularly challenging because only a small number of molecules contribute to the signal. The prevalent techniques such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM), X-ray based techniques, − and nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy are often invasive, expensive, necessitate a long time for sample preparation and data acquisition, and require a restrictive environment for samples. Some techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors measure adsorption reactions via resonance shifts due to minute changes in the refractive index near a surface.…”

Section: Enhanced Evanescent Raman Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanophotonic Waveguide Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Submonolayers

et al. 2016

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Characterizing a monolayer of biological molecules has been a major challenge. We demonstrate nanophotonic waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NWERS) of monolayers in the near-infrared region, enabling real-time measurements of the hybridization of DNA strands and the density of sub-monolayers of biotin-streptavidin complex immobilized on top of a photonics chip. NWERS is based on enhanced evanescent excitation and collection of spontaneous Raman scattering near nanophotonic waveguides, which for a one centimeter silicon nitride waveguide delivers a signal that is more than four orders of magnitude higher in comparison to a confocal Raman microscope. The reduced acquisition time and specificity of the signal allows for a quantitative and real-time characterization of surface species, hitherto not possible using Raman spectroscopy. NWERS provides a direct analytic tool for monolayer research and also opens a route to compact microscope-less lab-on-a-chip devices with integrated sources, spectrometers and detectors fabricated using a mass-producible CMOS technology platform.

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“…Even though it has the disadvantage of reducing even more the beam's intensity, a compromise has to be made between the collimator apertures and the intensity of the resulting spectra. Figure 1b presents the structure piece to couple the X-ray tube [1] to the secondary target [2] and the collimator for the outgoing beam [3]. This piece was developed in aluminum and inwardly and outwardly covered with lead for shielding [4].…”

Section: Collimatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) is a well established laboratory technique and constitutes one of the few atomic spectroscopy techniques that can be used for portable instrumentation. Piorek [1], Cesareo et al [2,3], and more recently Bosco [4], reported the history of the development of portable XRF spectrometers: the first-generation instruments appeared in the 60 s, which used radioisotopes and targeted at single element detection such as sulfur in oil [1]. In the 80 s, the third-generation portable energy dispersive spectrometers with semiconductor detectors was developed [2] and in the 90s, the size reduction of the devices has been accelerated due to the development of personal computers, detectors, and batteries [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with triaxial geometry

et al. 2017

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The X-ray fluorescence technique is a powerful analytical tool with a broad range of applications such as quality control, environmental contamination by heavy metals, cultural heritage, among others. For the first time, a portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was assembled, with orthogonal triaxial geometry between the X-ray tube, the secondary target, the sample and the detector. This geometry reduces the background of the measured spectra by reducing significantly the Bremsstrahlung produced in the tube through polarization in the secondary target and in the sample. Consequently, a practically monochromatic excitation energy is obtained. In this way, a better peak-background ratio is obtained compared to similar devices, improving the detection limits and leading to superior sensitivity. The performance of this setup is compared with the one of a benchtop setup with triaxial geometry and a portable setup with planar geometry. Two case studies are presented concerning the analysis of a 18th century paper document, and the bone remains of an individual buried in the early 19th century.

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X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols?

The Long-Term Deep Loessal Sediments of Northeast China: Loess or Loessal Paleosols?

Nanophotonic Waveguide Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Submonolayers

A novel portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with triaxial geometry

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